The prosperity of the colony continued under the careful management of Gov.  Prout.  On his death the Lieutenant-Governor, Wm. S. Drayton, succeeded to his office.  It was not long before the “rash and imprudent” conduct of this official precipitated a serious conflict with the natives.  An expedition against them resulted in a demoralizing defeat, with loss of artillery and twenty-six valuable lives.  In consternation an urgent appeal was sent to Monrovia.  The treasury of the Republic was exhausted from the effects of the uprising of the Sinou river tribes; but Dr. Hall was fortunately present, and supplied the Government with a loan from the funds of the Maryland Society.  One hundred and fifteen Liberian troops, under command of ex-President Roberts, were soon embarked for Cape Palmas, and easily overawed the native chiefs, who agreed to a fair adjustment of their grievances by treaty, February 26, 1857.

The war was not without important results.  The Maryland colonists were thoroughly aroused to the weakness of their isolated position, and determined to have union with Liberia at any price.  It was known that the Republic was willing to admit Maryland only as a county, on precisely the same terms as the other three—­Montserado, Sinou, and Bassa.  State pride and the views of the Society had hitherto kept them from such a union; but now, in the reaction from their recent terror, a vote of the people called for by Act of the Legislature was unanimous in favor of “County Annexation;” and a committee was appointed to arrange matters at once with Roberts.  When he declined to assume any such responsibility, they actually proceeded to dissolve the Government, and cede all public property forthwith to the Republic of Liberia.  The interesting document entitled the “Act or Petition of Annexation,” shows the number of colonists to have been at this time 900 and the aboriginal population about 60,000.  The tax on imports produced $1,800 a year.  The State’s liabilities were $3,000, with assets estimated at $10,000.

The Liberian Legislature by an Act of April, 1857, formally received the colony into the Republic as “Maryland County.”  The advantages gained by this change undoubtedly more than counterbalanced any loss of independence.  Though the total dissolution of the government and surrender of all rights and property before any negotiation with Liberian authorities had taken place, seems inconceivably rash statescraft, the wisdom of the colonists in desiring the union is unquestionable.

At the time of annexation the Maryland Colonization Society had on hand some $6,000, which was invested, and the interest devoted to a school at Cape Palmas; in connection with this trust its existence is prolonged.  Up to the end of its period of activity it had received and expended nearly half a million dollars; the balance sheet of December 31, 1857, may be of interest: