keep this position, especially as regards the torpedoes, in which, according to the newspaper accounts, other nations are competing with us, by trying to excel us in range of the projectile at high velocity.  We must also devote our full attention to submarines, and endeavour to make these vessels more effective in attack.  If we succeed in developing this branch of our navy, so that it meets the military requirements in every direction, and combines an increased radius of effectiveness with increased speed and seaworthiness, we shall achieve great results with these vessels in the defence of our coasts and in unexpected attacks on the enemy’s squadrons.  A superior efficiency in this field would be extraordinarily advantageous to us.

Last, not least, we must devote ourselves more energetically to the development of aviation for naval purposes.  If it were possible to make airships and flying-machines thoroughly available for war, so that they could be employed in unfavourable weather and for aggressive purposes, they might render essential services to the fleet.  The air-fleet would then, as already explained in Chapter VIII., be able to report successfully, to spy out favourable opportunities for attacks by the battle-fleet or the torpedo-fleet, and to give early notice of the approach of the enemy in superior force.  It would also be able to prevent the enemy’s airships from reconnoitring, and would thus facilitate the execution of surprise attacks.  Again, it could repulse or frustrate attacks on naval depots and great shipping centres.  If our airships could only be so largely developed that they, on their side, could undertake an attack and carry fear and destruction to the English coasts, they would lend still more effective aid to our fleet when fighting against the superior force of the enemy.  It can hardly be doubted that technical improvements will before long make it possible to perform such services.  A pronounced superiority of our air-fleet over the English would contribute largely to equalize the difference in strength of the two navies more and more during the course of the war.  It should be the more possible to gain a superiority in this field because our supposed enemies have not any start on us, and we can compete for the palm of victory on equal terms.

Besides the campaign against the enemy’s war-fleet, preparations must be carefully made in peace-time for the war on commerce, which would be especially effective in a struggle against England, as that country needs imports more than any other.  Consequently great results would follow if we succeeded in disturbing the enemy’s commerce and harassing his navigation.  The difficulties of such an undertaking have been discussed in a previous chapter.  It is all the more imperative to organize our preparations in such a way that the swift ships intended for the commercial war should be able to reach their scene of activity unexpectedly before the enemy has been able to block our harbours.  The auxiliary cruisers must be so equipped in peace-time that when on the open sea they may assume the character of warships at a moment’s notice, when ordered by wireless telegraphy to do so.