These considerations invite the United States to look to the means, and to set about the gradual creation of a navy.  The increasing progress of their navigation promises them at no distant period the requisite supply of seamen, and their means in other respects favor the undertaking.  It is an encouragement, likewise, that their particular situation will give weight and influence to a moderate naval force in their hands.  Will it not, then, be advisable to begin without delay to provide and lay up the materials for the building and equipping of ships of war, and to proceed in the work by degrees, in proportion as our resources shall render it practicable without inconvenience, so that a future war of Europe may not find our commerce in the same unprotected state in which it was found by the present?

Congress have repeatedly, and not without success, directed their attention to the encouragement of manufactures.  The object is of too much consequence not to insure a continuance of their efforts in every way which shall appear eligible.  As a general rule, manufactures on public account are inexpedient; but where the state of things in a country leaves little hope that certain branches of manufacture will for a great length of time obtain, when these are of a nature essential to the furnishing and equipping of the public force in time of war, are not establishments for procuring them on public account to the extent of the ordinary demand for the public service recommended by strong considerations of national policy as an exception to the general rule?  Ought our country to remain in such cases dependent on foreign supply, precarious because liable to be interrupted?  If the necessary article should in this mode cost more in time of peace, will not the security and independence thence arising form an ample compensation?  Establishments of this sort, commensurate only with the calls of the public service in time of peace, will in time of war easily be extended in proportion to the exigencies of the Government, and may even perhaps be made to yield a surplus for the supply of our citizens at large, so as to mitigate the privations from the interruption of their trade.  If adopted, the plan ought to exclude all those branches which are already, or likely soon to be, established in the country, in order that there may be no danger of interference with pursuits of individual industry.

It will not be doubted that with reference either to individual or national welfare agriculture is of primary importance.  In proportion as nations advance in population and other circumstances of maturity this truth becomes more apparent, and renders the cultivation of the soil more and more an object of public patronage.  Institutions for promoting it grow up, supported by the public purse; and to what object can it be dedicated with greater propriety?  Among the means which have been employed to this end none have been attended with greater success than