Social and Industrial Condition.

Population. 
Implements and inventions unknown. 
The printing press. 
The postal service. 
Trades and occupations then unknown.

Labor.}The apprentice.
      }The “indented servant.”
      }The redemptioner.
      }The slave.

No manufactures. }Iron making
Acts of trade regulating. }Cloth making. 
The cities. }Hat making.

Travel. 
The Navigation Acts. 
State of agriculture.

Government.

The charter colonies. 
The proprietary colonies. 
The royal colonies. 
The colonial governor. 
The Lords of Trade and Plantations. 
The King.

CHAPTER X

“LIBERTY, PROPERTY, AND NO STAMPS”

%105.  The New Provinces.%—­The acquisition of Canada and the Mississippi valley made it necessary for England to provide for their defense and government.  To do this she began by establishing three new provinces.

In Canada she marked out the province of Quebec, part of the south boundary of which is now the north boundary of New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.

In the South, out of the territory given by Spain, she made two provinces, East and West Florida.  The north boundary of West Florida was (1764) a parallel of latitude through the junction of the Yazoo and Mississippi rivers.  The north boundary of East Florida was part of the boundary of the present state.  The territory between the Altamaha and the St. Marys rivers was “annexed to Georgia.”

%106.  The Proclamation Line.%—­By the same proclamation which established these provinces, a line was drawn around the head waters of all the rivers in the United States which flow into the Atlantic Ocean, and the colonists were forbidden to settle to the west of it.  All the valley from the Great Lakes to West Florida, and from the proclamation line to the Mississippi, was set apart for the Indians.

%107.  The Country to be defended.%—­Having thus provided for the government of the newly acquired territory, it next became necessary to provide for its defense; for nobody doubted that both France and Spain would some day attempt to regain their lost possessions.  Arrangements were therefore made to bring over an army of 10,000 regular troops, scatter them over the country from Canada to Florida, and maintain them partly at the expense of the colonies and partly at the expense of the crown.

[Illustration:  THE BRITISH COLONIES IN 1764]

The share to be paid by the colonies was to be raised

1.  By enforcing the old trade and navigation laws.

2.  By a tax on sugar and molasses brought into the country.

3.  By a stamp tax.

%108.  Trial without Jury.%—­In order to enforce the old laws, naval vessels were sent to sail up and down the coast and catch smugglers.  Offenders when seized were to be tried in some vice-admiralty court, where they could not have trial by jury.[1]