[Illustration:  CAROLINA AS GRANTED BY King Charles II]

There was at first no intention of dividing the territory, although, after Charleston was founded (1670), North Carolina and South Carolina sometimes had separate governors.  But in 1729 the proprietors sold Carolina to the King, and it was then divided into two distinct and separate royal provinces.

%48.  New York.%—­An event of far greater importance than the chartering of Carolina was the seizure of New Netherland.  After the conquest of New Sweden, in 1655, the possessions and claims of the Dutch in our country extended from the Connecticut River to the Delaware River, and from the Mohawk to Delaware Bay.  Geographically, they cut the English colonies in two, and hampered communication between New England and the South.  To own this region was therefore of the utmost importance to the English; and to get it, King Charles II., in 1664, revived the old claim that the English had discovered the country before the Dutch, and he sent a little fleet and army, which appeared off New Amsterdam and demanded its surrender.  The demand was complied with; and in 1664 Dutch rule in our country ended, and England owned the seaboard from the Kennebec to the Savannah.

The King had already granted New Netherland to his brother the Duke of York, in honor of whom the town of New Amsterdam was now renamed New York.

%49.  New Jersey.%—­The Duke of York no sooner received his province than he gave so much of it as lay between the Delaware and the ocean to his friends Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, and called it New Jersey, in honor of Sir George Carteret, who had been governor of the island of Jersey in the English Channel.  The two proprietors divided it between them by the line shown on the map (p. 56).  In 1674 Berkeley sold West Jersey to a company of Quakers, who settled near Burlington.  A little later, 1676, William Penn and some other Quakers bought East Jersey.  There were then two colonies till 1702, when the proprietors surrendered their rights, and New Jersey became one royal province.

%50.  The Beginnings of Pennsylvania.%—­The part which Penn took in the settlement of New Jersey suggested to him the idea of beginning a colony which should be a refuge for the persecuted of all lands and of all religions.

[Illustration]

Now it so happened that Penn was the son of a distinguished admiral to whom King Charles II. owed L16,000, and seeing no chance of its ever being paid, he proposed to the King, in 1680, that the debt be paid with a tract of land in America.  The King gladly agreed, and in 1681 Penn received a grant west of the Delaware.  Against Penn’s wish, the King called it Pennsylvania, or Penn’s Woodland.  It was given almost precisely the bounds of the present state.[1] In 1683 Penn made a famous treaty with the Indians, and laid out the city of Philadelphia.