were beaten and scattered, till by the beginning of the year 1900 the main army of the Filipinos had been completely broken up, and the only forces still opposing American authority were small bodies of bandits and guerrillas.  These held out persistently, and continued the warfare for more than a year.  In 1900 the President sent a commission to the Philippines to organize civil government in such localities and in such degree as it should deem advisable; and in 1902 Congress enacted a plan of government under which the Philippines are constituted a partly self-governing dependency.

%575.  Porto Rico and Cuba.%—­After the close of the Spanish war, both Porto Rico and Cuba remained under the military control of the United States for many months.  For Porto Rico, which had been ceded to our country, Congress provided a system of civil government which went into effect May 1, 1900.  This organized Porto Rico as a dependency.

Cuba, however, had not been ceded to the United States.  It had passed under our control only for the restoration of peace and the establishment of a stable government there; for Congress, in its resolution of April 19, 1898, asserted its determination, after the pacification of Cuba, “to leave the government and control of the island to its people.”  In June, 1900, the local city governments were turned over to municipal officers that had been elected by the people.  In the following winter a constitution was framed by a convention of delegates elected by the Cubans.  Then, after certain provisions had been added to this, to govern the future relations between Cuba and the United States, and after the first officers of the Cuban Republic had been elected, the United States troops were withdrawn and the new government took charge of the island, May 20, 1902.

%576.  Disorders in China.%—­Early in 1900 a patriotic society of Chinese, called the Boxers, began to massacre native Christians in the north of China, and to drive out or kill all missionaries and other foreigners.  The disorder soon spread to Pekin, where the foreign ministers and their countrymen (including some Americans) were besieged in their quarter of the city by Boxers and regular Chinese troops; for the Chinese government, instead of suppressing the Boxers, acted in sympathy with them.

President McKinley sent warships and soldiers to China, where they cooeperated with the forces of Japan and the European powers in rescuing the imperiled foreigners in Pekin.  War was not declared against China, though she resisted the invading troops, making it necessary for them to capture several towns and to fight several battles before Pekin was taken.  A treaty was then negotiated with the United States, Japan, and the European powers, providing for the restoration of order and a settlement of the various claims against China.

%577%.  At home during 1900 our population was counted; a President was elected; and a currency law of much importance was enacted.  In the United States and the territories there were found to be about 76,000,000 people, and in the one state of New York more inhabitants than there were in all the United States in 1810.