1.  That all money should be issued by the government and not by banking corporations.

2.  That the public domain must be kept for actual settlers and not given to railroads.

3.  That Congress must regulate commerce between the states, and secure fair, moderate, and uniform rates for passengers and freight.

Next came the Prohibition party convention, and the nomination of Neal Dow and Henry Adams Thompson.

Last of all was the Democratic convention, which nominated General Winfield S. Hancock and William H. English.  The platform called for

1.  Honest money, consisting of gold and silver and paper convertible into coin on demand.

2.  A tariff for revenue only.

3.  Public lands for actual settlers.

%537.  Election and Death of Garfield.%—­The campaign was remarkable for several reasons: 

1.  Every presidential elector was chosen by popular vote; and every electoral vote was counted as it was cast.  This was the first presidential election in our country of which both these statements could be made.

2.  For the first time since 1844 there was no agitation of a Southern question.

3.  All parties agreed in calling for anti-Chinese legislation.

Garfield and Arthur were elected, and inaugurated on March 4, 1881.  But on July 2, 1881, as Garfield stood in a railway station at Washington, a disappointed office seeker came up behind and shot him in the back.  A long and painful illness followed, till he died on September 19, 1881.

[Illustration:  James A. Garfield]

[Illustration:  Chester A. Arthur]

%538.  Presidential Succession%—­The death of Garfield and the succession of Arthur to the presidential office left the country in a peculiar situation.  An act of Congress passed in 1792 provided that if both the presidency and vice presidency were vacant at the same time, the President pro tempore of the Senate, or if there were none, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, should act as President, till a new one was elected.  But in September, 1881, there was neither a President pro tempore of the Senate nor a Speaker of the House of Representatives, as the Forty-sixth Congress ceased to exist on March 4, and the Forty-seventh was not to meet till December.  Had Arthur died or been killed, there would therefore have been no President.  It was not likely that such a condition would happen again; but attention was called to the necessity of providing for succession to the presidency, and in 1886 a new law was enacted.  Now, should the presidency and vice presidency both become vacant, the presidency passes to members of the Cabinet in the order of the establishment of their departments, beginning with the Secretary of State.  Should he die, be impeached and removed, or become disabled, it would go to the Secretary of the Treasury, and then, if necessary, to the Secretary of War, the Attorney-general, the Postmaster-general, the Secretary of the Navy, the Secretary of the Interior.