CHAPTER I.
TAXATION AND GOVERNMENT.
“Too much taxes”.
What is taxation?
Taxation and eminent domain.
What is government?
The “ship of state”.
“The government”.
Whatever else it may be, “the government” is the power which imposes taxes.
Difference between taxation and robbery.
Sometimes taxation is robbery.
The study of history is full of practical lessons, and helpful to those who would be good citizens.
Perpetual vigilance is the price of liberty.
QUESTIONS ON THE TEXT.
SUGGESTIVE QUESTIONS AND DIRECTIONS.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE.
CHAPTER II.
THE TOWNSHIP.
Section 1. The New England Township.
The most ancient and simple form of government.
New England settled by church congregations.
Policy of the early Massachusetts government as to land grants.
Smallness of the farms
Township and village
Social position of the settlers
The town-meeting
Selectmen; town-clerk
Town-treasurer; constables; assessors of taxes and overseers of the poor
Act of 1647 establishing public schools
School committees
Field-drivers and pound-keepers; fence-viewers; other town officers
Calling the town-meeting
Town, county, and state taxes
Poll-tax
Taxes on real-estate; taxes on personal property
When and where taxes are assessed
Tax-lists
Cheating the government
The rate of taxation
Undervaluation; the burden of taxation
The “magic-fund” delusion
Educational value of the town-meeting
By-laws
Power and responsibility
There is nothing especially American, democratic, or meritorious about “rotation in office”
QUESTIONS ON THE TEXT
Section 2. Origin of the Township.
Town-meetings in ancient Greece and Rome
Clans; the mark and the tun
The Old-English township, the manor, and the parish
The vestry-meeting
Parish and vestry clerks; beadles, waywardens, haywards,
common-drivers, churchwardens, etc.
Transition from the English parish to the New England township
Building of states out of smaller political units
Representation; shire-motes; Earl Simon’s Parliament
The township as the “unit of representation” in the shire-mote and in the General Court
Contrast with the Russian village-community which is not represented in the general government