This memorial bore also the signature of the celebrated Alexander Hamilton; Robert R. Livingston, afterward Secretary of Foreign Affairs of the United States, and Chancellor of the State of New York; James Duane, Mayor of the City of New York, and many others of the most eminent individuals in the State.

In the preamble of an instrument, by which Mr. Jay emancipated a slave in 1784, is the following passage: 

“Whereas, the children of men are by nature equally free, and cannot, without injustice, be either reduced to or HELD in slavery.”

In his letter while Minister at Spain, in 1786, he says, speaking of the abolition of slavery:  “Till America comes into this measure, her prayers to heaven will be IMPIOUS.  This is a strong expression, but it is just.  I believe God governs the world; and I believe it to be a maxim in his, as in our court, that those who ask for equity ought to do it.”

In 1785, the New York Manumission Society was formed.  John Jay was chosen its first President, and held the office five years.  Alexander Hamilton was its second President, and after holding the office one year, resigned upon his removal to Philadelphia as Secretary of the United States’ Treasury.  In 1787, the Pennsylvania Abolition Society was formed.  Benjamin Franklin, warm from the discussions of the convention that formed the United States constitution, was chosen President, and Benjamin Rush, Secretary—­both signers of the Declaration of Independence.  In 1789, the Maryland Abolition Society was formed.  Among its officers were Samuel Chace, Judge of the United States Supreme Court, and Luther Martin, a member of the convention that formed the United States constitution.  In 1790, the Connecticut Abolition Society was formed.  The first President was Rev. Dr. Stiles, President of Yale College, and the Secretary, Simeon Baldwin, (the late Judge Baldwin of New Haven.) In 1791, this Society sent a memorial to Congress, from which the following is an extract: 

“From a sober conviction of the unrighteousness of slavery, your petitioners have long beheld, with grief, our fellow men doomed to perpetual bondage, in a country which boasts of her freedom.  Your petitioners are fully of opinion, that calm reflection will at last convince the world, that the whole system of African slavery is unjust in its nature—­impolitic in its principles—­and, in its consequences, ruinous to the industry and enterprise of the citizens of these States.  From a conviction of these truths, your petitioners were led, by motives, we conceive, of general philanthropy, to associate ourselves for the protection and assistance of this unfortunate part of our fellow men; and, though this Society has been lately established, it has now become generally extensive through this state, and, we fully believe, embraces, on this subject, the sentiments of a large majority of its citizens.”

The same year the Virginia Abolition Society was formed.  This Society, and the Maryland Society, had auxiliaries in different parts of those States.  Both societies sent up memorials to Congress.  The memorial of the Virginia Society is headed—­“The memorial of the Virginia Society, for promoting the Abolition of Slavery, &c.”  The following is an extract: