We conclude this Inquiry by touching briefly upon an objection, which, though not formally stated, has been already set aside by the whole tenor of the foregoing argument.  It is this,—­“The slavery of the Canaanites by the Israelites, was appointed by God as a commutation of the punishment of death denounced against them for their sins.”  If the absurdity of a sentence consigning persons to death, and at the same time to perpetual slavery, did not sufficiently laugh at itself, it would be small self-denial, in a case so tempting, to make up the deficiency by a general contribution.  For, be it remembered, only one statute was ever given respecting the disposition to be made of the inhabitants of Canaan.  If the sentence of death was pronounced against them, and afterwards commuted, when? where? by whom? and in what terms was the commutation, and where is it recorded?  Grant, for argument’s sake, that all the Canaanites were sentenced to unconditional extermination; as there was no reversal of the sentence, how can a right to enslave them, be drawn from such premises?  The punishment of death is one of the highest recognitions of man’s moral nature possible.  It proclaims him man—­rational, accountable, guilty, deserving death for having done his utmost to cheapen human life, when the proof of its priceless worth lived in his own nature.  But to make him a slave, cheapens to nothing universal human nature, and instead of healing a wound, gives a death-stab.  What! repair an injury to rational being in the robbery of one of its rights, by robbing it of all, and annihilating their foundation—­the everlasting distinction between persons and things?  To make a man a chattel, is not the punishment, but the annihilation of a human being, and, so far as it goes, of all human beings.  This commutation of the punishment of death, into perpetual slavery, what a fortunate discovery!  Alas! for the honor of Deity, if commentators had not manned the forlorn hope, and by a timely movement rescued the Divine character, at the very crisis of its fate, from the perilous position in which inspiration had carelessly left it!  Here a question arises of sufficient importance for a separate dissertation; but must for the present be disposed of in a few paragraphs.  WERE THE CANAANITES SENTENCED BY GOD TO INDIVIDUAL AND UNCONDITIONAL EXTERMINATION?  As the limits of this inquiry forbid our giving all the grounds of dissent from commonly received opinions, the suggestions made, will be thrown out merely as QUERIES, rather than laid down as doctrines.  The directions as to the disposal of the Canaanites, are mainly in the following passages:  Ex. xxiii. 23-33; xxxiv. 11; Deut. vii. 16-25; ix. 3; xxxi. 3-5.  In these verses, the Israelites are commanded to “destroy the Canaanites,” “drive out,” “consume,” “utterly overthrow,” “put out,” “dispossess them,” &c.  Did these