the heathen? Suppose a case. A foreign
servant flees to the Israelites; God says, “He
shall dwell with thee, in that place which he shall
choose, in one of thy gates where it liketh
him best.” Now, suppose this same servant,
instead of coming into Israel of his own accord, had
been dragged in by some kidnapper who bought
him of his master, and forced him into a condition
against his will; would He who forbade such treatment
of the stranger, who voluntarily came into
the land, sanction the same treatment of the
same person, provided in addition to
this last outrage, the previous one had been
committed of forcing him into the nation against his
will? To commit violence on the free choice of
a foreign servant is forsooth a horrible enormity,
PROVIDED you begin the violence after
he has come among you. But if you commit the first
act on the other side of the line; if you
begin the outrage by buying him from a third person
against his will, and then tear him from home, drag
him across the line into the land of Israel, and hold
him as a slave—ah! that alters the case,
and you may perpetrate the violence now with impunity!
Would greater favor have been shown to this
new comer than to the old residents—those
who had been servants in Jewish families perhaps for
a generation? Were the Israelites commanded to
exercise toward him, uncircumcised and out
of the covenant, a justice and kindness denied to
the multitudes who were circumcised, and within
the covenant? But, the objector finds small gain
to his argument on the supposition that the covenant
respected merely the fugitives from the surrounding
nations, while it left the servants of the Israelites
in a condition against their wills. In that case,
the surrounding nations would adopt retaliatory measures,
and become so many asylums for Jewish fugitives.
As these nations were not only on every side of them,
but in their midst, such a proclamation would have
been an effectual lure to men whose condition was
a constant counteraction of will. Besides the
same command which protected the servant from the power
of his foreign master, protected him equally
from the power of an Israelite. It was
not, “Thou shalt not deliver him unto his master,”
but “he shall dwell with thee, in that place
which he shall choose in one of thy gates where
it liketh him best.” Every Israelite
was forbidden to put him in any condition against
his will. What was this but a proclamation,
that all who chose to live in the land and
obey the laws, were left to their own free will, to
dispose of their services at such a rate, to such
persons and in such places as they pleased? Besides,
grant that this command prohibited the sending back
of foreign servants merely, there was no law
requiring the return of servants who had escaped from