[Footnote 420:  e.g. ad Q.F. i. 2. 16.; and Q. Cic. Commentariolum petitionis, sec. 17.]

[Footnote 421:  See what he says of M. Manilius in De Orat. iii. 133.]

[Footnote 422:  The word seems to be connected with ieiunium (Plant. Curculio I. i. 73; Festus, p. 346), and thus answers to our break_fast_.  The verb is ientare:  Afranius:  fragm. “ientare nulla invitat.”]

[Footnote 423:  Galen, vol. vi. p. 332.  I take this citation from Marquardt, Privatleben, p. 257; others will be found in the notes to that page.  Marquardt seems to have been the first to bring the evidence of the medical writers to bear on the subject of Roman meals.]

[Footnote 424:  See the interesting account of these (salutatores, deductores, assectatores) in the Commentariolum petitionis of Q. Cicero, 9. 34 foll.]

[Footnote 425:  See above, p. 109.]

[Footnote 426:  Q. Cicero, Comment.  Pet.9. 37.]

[Footnote 427:  See the author’s Roman Festivals, pp. 125 foll.]

[Footnote 428:  Plutarch, C.  Gracchus, 6.]

[Footnote 429:  Cic. ad Fam. ii. 12.]

[Footnote 430:  Fragm. 9.  Baehrens, Fragm.  Poet.  Rom. p. 141.  Cp.  Galen, vol. x. p. 3 (Kuhn).]

[Footnote 431:  Livy xlv. 36; Cic. ad Fam. i. 2; for a famous case of “obstruction” by lengthy speaking, Gell. iv. 10.]

[Footnote 432:  Festus, p. 54.]

[Footnote 433:  ad Fam. vii. 30.]

[Footnote 434:  de Divinatione, ii. 142, written in 44 B.C.]

[Footnote 435:  Varro, R.R. i. 2; the words are put into the mouth of one of the speakers in the dialogue.  See, for examples from later writers, Marq., Privatleben, p. 262.]

[Footnote 436:  ad Att. xiii. 52; the habit may have often been dropped in winter.]

[Footnote 437:  Seneca, Ep. 86.  The whole passage is most interesting, as illustrating the difference in habits wrought in the course of two centuries.]

[Footnote 438:  Mau, Pompeii, p. 300.  See above, p. 244.]

[Footnote 439:  See the plan in Mau, p. 357; Marquardt, Privatleben, p. 272.]

[Footnote 440:  See Professor Purser’s explanation and illustrations in the Dict. of Antiquities, vol. i. p. 278.]

[Footnote 441:  The subject of the public baths at Rome properly belongs to the period of the Empire, and is too extensive to be treated in a chapter on the daily life of the Roman of Cicero’s time.  Public baths did exist in Rome already, but we hear very little of them, which shows that they were not as yet an indispensable adjunct of social life; but the fact that Seneca in the letter already quoted describes the aediles as testing the heat of the water with their hands shows (1) that the baths were public, (2) that they were of hot water and not, as later,