[Footnote 348:  R.R. ii. 10.]

[Footnote 349:  Columella i. 8.]

[Footnote 350:  Gaius ii. 15.]

[Footnote 351:  For examples of slaves’ devotion to their masters, Appian, B.C. iv. 29; Seneca, de Benef. iii. 25.]

[Footnote 352:  ad Fam. xvi. 1; read also the charming letters which follow.  Tiro was manumitted by Cicero at an unknown date.]

[Footnote 353:  ad Att. xii. 10.]

[Footnote 354:  See the article “Manumissio” in Dict. of Antiquities.]

[Footnote 355:  Only in exercising the jus suffragii he was limited with all his fellow libertini to one of the four city tribes.]

[Footnote 356:  Val.  Max. viii. 6. 2.]

[Footnote 357:  Sall. Cat. 24 and 56; Wallon, ii. p. 318 foll.]

[Footnote 358:  See, e.g., Cic. ad Att. ii. 24. 3; Asconius, in Milonianam (ed.  Clark, p. 31); Milo’s host of slaves had gladiators among them, and were organised in military fashion (an antesignanus, p. 32), when he fell in with Clodius.]

[Footnote 359:  Pro Sestio, 15. 34.]

[Footnote 360:  De Pet.  Consulatus, 5. 17.]

[Footnote 361:  ad Quint.  Fratr. i. 2 ad fin.]

[Footnote 362:  Strabo, p. 381.]

[Footnote 363:  Dion.  Hal. iv. 23.]

[Footnote 364:  Wallon, op. cit. ii. p. 436.]

[Footnote 365:  See Otto Seeck, Geschichte des Untergangs der antiken Welt, ch. iv. and v.]

[Footnote 366:  See Marquardt, Privatleben, p. 172.]

[Footnote 367:  Wallon (ii. p. 255 foll.) has collected a number of examples.  Plautus’ slaves are as much Athenian as Roman, but the conditions would be much the same in each case.  Cp.  Varro, Men.  Sat. ed.  Riese, p. 220:  “Crede mihi, plures dominos servi comederunt quam canes.”]

[Footnote 368:  Petronius, Sat. 75.]

[Footnote 369:  Diodorus xxxiv. 38.]

[Footnote 370:  “Coli rura ab ergastulis pessimum est et quicquid agitur a desperantibus,” wrote Pliny (Nat.  Hist. xviii. 36) in the famous passage about latifundia.]

[Footnote 371:  R.R. i. 17.]

[Footnote 372:  See some excellent remarks on this subject in Ecce Homo, towards the end of ch. xii. ("Universality of the Christian Republic “).]

[Footnote 373:  The Slave Power, ch. v., and especially p. 374 foll.  A living picture of the mean white may be found in Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn, drawn from his own early experience, particularly in ch. xxi.]

[Footnote 374:  “Regum nobis induimus animos,” wrote Seneca in a well-known letter about the claims of slaves as human beings, Ep. 47.]

[Footnote 375:  Life in Ancient Athens, p. 55.]

[Footnote 376:  For this view of the Lar see Wissowa, Religion und Kultus der Roemer, p. 148 foll.; and a note by the author in Archiv fur Religionswissenschaft, 1906, p. 529.]