[Footnote 115:  This is the view of Deloume, Les Manieurs d’argent a Rome, p. 119 foll.]

[Footnote 116:  Marq. Staatsverwaltung, ii. p.291]

[Footnote 117:  Deloume, Manieurs d’argent, p. 317 foll.]

[Footnote 118:  pro lege Manilia, 7. 18.]

[Footnote 119:  Ib. 7. 19.]

[Footnote 120:  ad Att. i. 17. 9.  Crassus, no doubt a large shareholder, urged them on.]

[Footnote 121:  In a letter to his brother, then governor of this province, Cicero contemplates the possibility of contracts being taken at a loss (ad Q.F. i. 1. 33), “publicis male redemptis.”  And in a letter of introduction in 46, he alludes to heavy losses suffered in this way, ad Fam. xiii. 10.]

[Footnote 122:  ad Att. v. 16. 2.]

[Footnote 123:  Ib. vi. 1. 16.]

[Footnote 124:  ad Familiares, xiii. 65.]

[Footnote 125:  Ib. xiii. 9.  I have not adhered quite closely to his translation.]

[Footnote 126:  “Qui est in operis ejus societatis,” i.e. engaged as a subordinate agent.—­Marquardt, Staatsverwaltung, ii. p. 291.]

[Footnote 127:  Marq. ii. p. 35 foll.]

[Footnote 128:  See his article in Dict. of Antiq. ed. 2, s.v. argentarii.]

[Footnote 129:  Augustus’ grandfather was an argentarius (Suet. Aug. 2), yet his son could marry a Julia, and be elected to the consulship, which, however, he was prevented by death from filling.]

[Footnote 130:  The word for this cheque is perscriptio.  Cp.  Cic. ad Att. ix. 12. 3 viri boni usuras perscribunt, i.e. draw the interest on their deposits.]

[Footnote 131:  Cic. ad Att. xii. 24 and 27.]

[Footnote 132:  Cic. ad Fam. xvi. 4 and 9]

[Footnote 133:  Cic. ad Att. xiii. contains many letters of interest in this connexion.]

[Footnote 134:  Cic. ad Att. xiii. 2. 3.  Cp. xii. 25.  In xii. 12 Cicero’s divorced wife Terentia wishes to pay a debt by transferring to her creditor a debt of Cicero’s to herself.  Another way in which actual payment could be avoided was by paying interest on purchase-money instead of the lump sum.  Cp. xii. 22.]

[Footnote 135:  A good example of this in Velleius ii. 10 (house-rent).]

[Footnote 136:  Cic. de Officiis, ii. 24, 84.]

[Footnote 137:  Caesar, de Bell.  Civ. iii. 1 and 20 foll.]

[Footnote 138:  Deloume in his Manieurs d’argent has a chapter on this (p. 58 foll.), but his details are not wholly to be relied on.  Boissier’s sketch in Ciceron et ses amis, 83 foll., is quite accurate.]

[Footnote 139:  ad Fam. v. 20 fin.]

[Footnote 140:  Ib. v. 9.]

[Footnote 141:  Deloume’s attempt to prove that Cicero speculated with enormous profits seems to me to miss the mark.]