[Footnote 28:  Georg. ii. 502.  Virgil, for all his admiration of Rome, did not love its crowds.]

[Footnote 29:  Cic. pro Plancio, ch. 7.  Cp.  Horace, Sat. i. 9; Lucilius, Frag. 9 (ed.  Baehrens), which last will be quoted in another context.]

[Footnote 30:  On the vexed question of the position of the Subura and its history see Wissowa, Gesammelte Abhandlungen, p. 230 foll.]

[Footnote 31:  For excavations here see Lanciani, op. cit. p. 221 foll.]

[Footnote 32:  Cic. Cat. iii. 9. 21 foll.]

[Footnote 33:  Formerly we may assume that it faced south or south-east, like the temple.]

[Footnote 34:  It was completed by Caesar in 46 B.C.]

[Footnote 35:  Beloch, Bewoelkerung p. 382.]

[Footnote 36:  C.I.L. i. 206, and Dessau, Inscr.  Lat.  Selectae, ii. 1. p. 493.]

[Footnote 37:  Cic. ad Q. Fratr. iii.I. 14 Suet. de Grammaticis, 15; Corn.  Nepos, Atticus, 13.]

[Footnote 38:  Huelsen-Jordan, Roem.  Topographie, vol. i. part iii. p. 323.]

[Footnote 39:  This is the number receiving corn gratis when Julius Caesar reformed the corn-distribution.—­Suetonius, Iul. 41.]

[Footnote 40:  See Zeller, Stoics, etc., Eng. trans. p. 255 foll.]

[Footnote 41:  cic. de Legibus, i. 15. 43.  It was not as yet possible to be “poor, making many rich”; to have nothing and yet to possess all things.]

[Footnote 42:  See the definition of insula in Festus. n.  Ill. and for insula generally Middleton’s article “Domus” in the Dict, of Antiquities, ed. 2.  De Marchi (La Religione nella vita domestica, i. p. 80) compares the big lodging-houses of the poor at Naples.]

[Footnote 43:  Cicero (Leg.  Agr. ii. 35. 96) describes Rome as being (in comparison with Capua) “in montibus positam et convallibus, coenaculis (i.e. upper rooms) sublatum atque suspensam, non optimis viis,” etc.  Vitruv. ii. 17 is the locus classicus.]

[Footnote 44:  Cic. pro Caelio 17.]

[Footnote 45:  In C.I.L. vi. 65-67 we find a Bona Dea erected “in tutelam insulae,” i.e. a common cult for all the lodgers.  De Marchi l.c. compares the common shrine of the Neapolitan lodging-house.  Tutela is mentioned as a protecting deity both of insulae and domus by St. Jerome, Com. in Isaiam, 672.]

[Footnote 46:  Cic. de Domo 109.]

[Footnote 47:  Cic. ad Att. xv. 17; cp. xiv. 9.]

[Footnote 48:  Plut. Crassus 2:  perhaps from Fenestella.]

[Footnote 49:  “Dormientem in taberna,” Asconius, ed.  Clark, p. 37.  Cp.  Tacitus, Hist i. 86, for persons sleeping in tabernae.]

[Footnote 50:  Tucker, Life in Ancient Athens, p. 10.]

[Footnote 51:  The Moretum may be a translation from a Greek poet, perhaps Parthenius, but it is certainly as well adapted to the experience of Italians.]