cannon and the gallows.  Mr. Rhett, then Mr. Barnwell Smith, said, in the debates in the Convention on the proposition to accept the Tariff Compromise of 1833, that he hated the star-spangled banner; and unquestionably he expressed the feelings of many of his contemporaries, who deemed submission prudent, but who were consoled by the reflection that slavery would afford them a far better means for breaking up the Union than it was possible to get through the existence of any tariff, no matter how protective it might be.  All the great leaders of the first Secession school had passed away from the earth, when Rhett “still lived” to see the flag he hated pulled down before the fire that was poured upon Fort Sumter from Carolina’s batteries worked by the hands of Carolinians.  Calhoun, Hamilton, McDuffie, Hayne, Trumbull, Cooper, Harper, Preston, and others, men of the first intellectual rank in America, had departed; but Rhett survived to see what they had labored to effect, and what they would have effected, had they not encountered one of those iron spirits to whom is sometimes intrusted the government of nations, and who are of more value to nations than gold and fleets and armies.  All that we have lately seen done, and more, would have been done thirty years since, had any other man than Andrew Jackson been at that time President of the United States.  There was much cant in those days about “the one-man power,” because President Jackson saw fit to make use of the Constitutional qualified veto-power to express his opposition to certain measures adopted by Congress; but the best exhibition of “the one-man power” that the country ever saw, then or before or since, was when the same magistrate crushed Nullification, maintained the Union, and secured the nation’s peace for more than a quarter of a century.  We never knew what a great man Jackson was, until the country was cursed by Buchanan’s occupation of the same chair that Jackson had filled,—­a chair that he was unworthy to dust,—­and by his cowardice and treachery which made civil war inevitable.  One man, at the close of 1860, could have done more than has yet been accomplished by the million of men who have been called to arms because no such man was then in the nation’s service.  The “one hour of Dundee” was not more wanting to the Stuarts than the one month of Jackson was wanting to us but two years ago.

The powerful teaching of the Nullifiers was successful.  The South, which assumed to be the exclusive seat of American nationality, while the North was declared given up to sectionalism, with no other lights on its path than “blue lights,” became the South so devoted to slavery that it could see nothing else in the country.  Old Union men of 1832 became Secessionists, though Nullification, the milder thing of the two, had been too much for them to endure.  They not only endured the more hideous evil, but they embraced it.  Between 1832 and 1860 a change had been wrought such as twice that time could not have