and spiritual forces, and these determine the character
of their intellectual development and expression.
A nation which knew all the laws of phenomena, but
which was utterly lacking in moral force, would not
only not be civilized, but would hardly be alive.
Mr. Buckle insists that moral truths being relatively
stationary, while intellectual truths are constantly
advancing and multiplying, civilization cannot depend
upon them. But even admitting that moral truths
are stationary, still moral life, the conversion of
these truths into character, is capable of indefinite
advancement. There are moral truths more universal
than any scientific truths, and it is owing to the
fact that these truths have so imperfectly passed
from abstractions into conduct, that civilization
is yet so imperfect, and the achievements of the intellect
still so limited. Out of the heart, and not out
of the head, are the issues of life; and how a mere
knowledge of “the laws of phenomena” can
regenerate men from selfishness, ferocity, and malignity,
can purify and invigorate the will, can even of itself
stimulate the intellect to a further investigation
of those laws, Mr. Buckle has not shown. Even
the theological abuses of which he gives so exaggerated
a representation are expressions of the passions and
character of the people to which the theology was
accommodated, and not of the sense and spirit of the
New Testament, which the theology violated, so far
as it was false in its ideas or inhuman in its teachings.
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