Its virtues are, that it gives an uncommon warmth and vigor to the blood, and frisks the spirits beyond any other cordial.  It cheers the heart even of a man that has a bad wife, and makes him look down with great composure on the crosses of the world.  It promotes insensible perspiration, dissolves all phlegmatic and viscous humors that are apt to obstruct the narrow channels of the nerves.  It helps the memory, and would quicken even Helvetian dullness.  ’Tis friendly to the lungs, much more than scolding itself.  It comforts the stomach and strengthens the bowels, preventing all colics and fluxes.  In one word, it will make a man live a great while, and very well while he does live; and, what is more, it will even make old age amiable, by rendering it lively, cheerful, and good-humored....

I found near our camp some plants of that kind of Rattlesnake root, called star-grass.  The leaves shoot out circularly, and grow horizontally and near the ground.  The root is in shape not unlike the rattle of that serpent, and is a strong antidote against the bite of it.  It is very bitter, and where it meets with any poison, works by violent sweats, but where it meets with none, has no sensible operation but that of putting the spirits into a great hurry, and so of promoting perspiration.

The rattlesnake has an utter antipathy to this plant, insomuch that if you smear your hands with the juice of it, you may handle the viper safely.  Thus much I can say on my own experience, that once in July, when these snakes are in their greatest vigor, I besmeared a dog’s nose with the powder of this root, and made him trample on a large snake several times, which, however, was so far from biting him, that it perfectly sickened at the dog’s approach, and turned his head from him with the utmost aversion.

In our march one of the men killed a small rattlesnake, which had no more than two rattles.  Those vipers remain in vigor generally till towards the end of September, or sometimes later, if the weather continues a little warm.  On this consideration we had provided three several sorts of rattlesnake root, made up into proper doses, and ready for immediate use, in case any one of the men or their horses had been bitten....

In the low grounds the Carolina gentlemen shewed us another plant, which they said was used in their country to cure the bite of the rattlesnake.  It put forth several leaves, in figure like a heart, and was clouded so like the common Assarabacca, that I conceived it to be of that family. [Footnote 4:  A native of Virginia:—­was sent to England for his education, where he became intimate with the wits of Queen Anne’s time.  On his return to Virginia, he became a prominent official.  He has left very pleasing accounts of his explorations.]

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=_Benjamin Franklin, 1706-1790._= (Manual, pp. 478, 486.)

Extract from his Autobiography.