all foreign words in a spirit of exaggerated purism,
but also coined new verbal roots, (Mael, Ant, Or,
Om) and from these formed the most extraordinary
combinations (Vereinselbganzweseninnesein, Oromlebselbstschauen).
His most important pupil, Ahrens (professor in Leipsic,
died 1874; Course of Philosophy, 1836-38; Natural
Right, 1852), helped Krause’s doctrine to
gain recognition in France and Belgium by his fine
translations into French; while it was introduced into
Spain by J.S. del Rio of Madrid (died 1869).—Since
the finite is a negative, the infinite a positive
concept, and hence the knowledge of the infinite primal,
the principle of philosophy is the absolute, and philosophy
itself knowledge of God or the theory of essence.
The Subjective Analytic Course leads from the self-viewing
of the ego up to the vision of God; the Synthetic
Course starts from the fundamental Idea, God, and deduces
from this the partial Ideas, or presents the world
as the revelation of God. For his attempted reconciliation
of theism and pantheism Krause invented the name panentheism,
meaning thereby that God neither is the world nor stands
outside the world, but has the world in himself and
extends beyond it. He is absolute identity, nature
and reason are relative identity, viz., the identity
of the real and ideal, the former with the character
of reality, the latter with the character of ideality.
Or, the absolute considered from the side of its wholeness
(infinity) is nature, considered from the side of
its selfhood (unconditionality) is reason; God is the
common root of both. Above nature and reason
is humanity, which combines in itself the highest
products of both, the most perfect animal body and
self-consciousness. The humanity of earth, the
humanity known to us, is but a very small portion of
the humanity of the universe, which in the multitude
of its members, which cannot be increased, constitutes
the divine state. Krause’s most important
work is his philosophy of right and of history, with
its marks of a highly keyed idealism. He treats
human right as an effluence of divine right; besides
the state or legal union, he recognizes many other
associations—the science and the art union,
the religious society, the league of virtue or ethical
union. His philosophy of history (General
Theory of Life, edited by Von Leonhardi, 1843)
follows the Fichteo-Hegelian rhythm, unity, division,
and reunion, and correlates the several ages with
these. The first stage is germinal life; the second,
youth; the third, maturity. The culmination is
followed by a reverse movement from counter-maturity,
through counter-youth, to counter-childhood, whereupon
the development recommences—without cessation.
It is to be regretted that this noble-minded man joined
to his warm-hearted disposition, broad outlook, and
rigorous method a heated fancy, which, crippling the
operation of these advantageous qualities, led his
thought quite too far away from reality. Ahrens,
Von Leonhardi, Lindemann, and Roeder may be mentioned
as followers of Krause.