C.  P. The arrangement suitable to the accuser is not the same as that which is good for the accused person; because the accuser follows the order of circumstances, and puts forward vigorously each separate argument, as if he had a spear in his hand; and sums them up with vehemence; and confirms them by documents, and decrees, and testimonies; and dwells carefully on each separate proof; and avails himself of all the rules of peroration which are of any force to excite the mind; and in the rest of his oration he departs a little from the regular tenor of his argument; and above all, is he earnest in summing up, for his object is to make the judge angry.

V. C.  F. What, on the other hand, is the person accused to do?

C.  P.  He is to act as differently as possible in every respect.  He must employ an opening calculated to conciliate good-will.  Any narrations which are disagreeable must be cut short; or if they are wholly mischievous, they must be wholly omitted; the corroborative proofs calculated to produce belief must be either weakened or obscured, or thrown into the shade by digressions.  And all the perorations must be adapted to excite pity.

C.  F. Can we, then, always preserve that order of arrangement which we desire to adopt?

C.  P. Surely not; for the ears of the hearers are guides to a wise and prudent orator; and whatever is unpleasing to them must be altered or modified.

C.  F. Explain to me then now, what are the rules for the speech itself, and for the expressions to be contained in it.

C.  P. There is, then, one kind of eloquence which seems fluent by nature; another which appears to have been changed and modified by art.  The power of the first consists in simple words; that of the second, in words in combination.  Simple words require discovery; combined expressions stand in need of arrangement.

And simple expressions are partly natural, partly discovered.  Those are natural which are simply appellative; those are discovered which are made of those others, and remodelled either by resemblance, or by imitation, or by inflection, or by the addition of other words.  And again, there is this distinction between words:  some are distinguished according to their nature; some according to the way in which they are handled:  some by nature, so that they are more sonorous, more grave, or more trivial, and to a certain extent neater:  but others by the way in which they are handled, when either the peculiar names of things are taken, or else others which are added to the proper name, or new, or old-fashioned, or in some way or other modified and altered by the orator,—­such as those which are used in borrowed senses, or changed, or those which we as it were misuse; or those which we make obscure; which we in some incredible manner remove altogether; and which we embellish in a more marvellous manner than the ordinary usage of conversation sanctions.