XXXVII.  For there are many causes which consist of a demand of some reward.  For there is often question before the judges of the rewards to be conferred on prosecutors, and very often some reward is claimed for them from the senate, or from the bench of judges.  And it is not advisable that any one should think that, when we are adducing some instance which is under discussion in the senate, we by so doing are abandoning the class of judicial examples.  For whatever is said with reference to approving or disapproving of a person, when the consideration of the opinions of the judges is adapted to that form of expression, that, even although it is treated with reference to the language in which the opinion is couched, is a deliberative argument, still, because it has especial reference to some person, it is to be accounted also judicial.  And altogether, a man who has diligently investigated the meaning and nature of all causes will perceive that they differ both in character and in form; but in the other divisions he will see them all consistent with each other, and every one connected with the other.  At present, let us consider the question of rewards.  Lucius Licinius Crassus, the consul, pursued and destroyed a band of people in the province of the Nearer Gaul, who were collected together under no known or regular leader, and who had no name or number of sufficient importance to be entitled enemies of the Roman people; but still they made the province unsafe by their constant sallies and piratical outbreaks.  He returns to Rome.  He demands a triumph.  Here, as also in the case of the employment of deprecation, it does not at all concern us to supply reasons to establish and to invalidate such a claim, and so to come before the judges; because, unless some other statement of the case is also put forth, or some portion of such statement, the matter for the decision of the judges will be a simple one, and will be contained in the question itself.  In the case of the employment of deprecation, in this manner:  “Whether so and so ought to be punished.”  In this instance, in such a manner:  “Whether he ought to be rewarded.”

Now we will furnish some topics suitable for the investigation into the principles of rewards.

XXXVIII.  The principle, then, on which rewards are conferred is distributable into four divisions:  as to the services done; the person who has done them; the kind of reward which is to be conferred; and the means of conferring it.  The services done will be considered with reference to their own intrinsic merits, and to the time, and to the disposition of the man who did them, and to their attendant circumstances.  They will be examined with reference to their own intrinsic merits, in this manner:—­Whether they are important or unimportant; whether they were difficult or easy; whether they are of a common or extraordinary nature; whether they are considered honourable on true or false principles.  And with