American Hero-Myths eBook

Daniel Garrison Brinton
This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 229 pages of information about American Hero-Myths.

American Hero-Myths eBook

Daniel Garrison Brinton
This eBook from the Gutenberg Project consists of approximately 229 pages of information about American Hero-Myths.

I believe that a similar analysis will explain the part which the muskrat plays in the story.  She it is who brings up the speck of mud from the bottom of the primal ocean, and from this speck the world is formed by him whom we now see was the Lord of the Light and the Day, and subsequently she becomes the mother of his sons.  The word for muskrat in Algonkin is wajashk, the first letter of which often suffers elision, as in nin nod-ajashkwe, I hunt muskrats.  But this is almost the word for mud, wet earth, soil, ajishki.  There is no reasonable doubt but that here again otosis and personification came in and gave the form and name of an animal to the original simple statement.

That statement was that from wet mud dried by the sunlight, the solid earth was formed; and again, that this damp soil was warmed and fertilized by the sunlight, so that from it sprang organic life, even man himself, who in so many mythologies is “the earth born,” homo ab humo, homo chamaigenes.[1]

[Footnote 1:  Mr. J. Hammond Trumbull has pointed out that in Algonkin the words for father, osh, mother, okas, and earth, ohke (Narraganset dialect), can all be derived, according to the regular rules of Algonkin grammar, from the same verbal root, signifying “to come out of, or from.”  (Note to Roger Williams’ Key into the Language of America, p. 56).  Thus the earth was, in their language, the parent of the race, and what more natural than that it should become so in the myth also?]

This, then, is the interpretation I have to offer of the cosmogonical myth of the Algonkins.  Does some one object that it is too refined for those rude savages, or that it smacks too much of reminiscences of old-world teachings?  My answer is that neither the early travelers who wrote it down, nor probably the natives who told them, understood its meaning, and that not until it is here approached by modern methods of analysis, has it ever been explained.  Therefore it is impossible to assign to it other than an indigenous and spontaneous origin in some remote period of Algonkin tribal history.

After the darkness of the night, man first learns his whereabouts by the light kindling in the Orient; wandering, as did the primitive man, through pathless forests, without a guide, the East became to him the first and most important of the fixed points in space; by it were located the West, the North, the South; from it spread the welcome dawn; in it was born the glorious sun; it was full of promise and of instruction; hence it became to him the home of the gods of life and light and wisdom.

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American Hero-Myths from Project Gutenberg. Public domain.