Alexander’s scheme was thus totally defeated; and so displeased was his father with the officers who had undertaken to aid him in the execution of it, that he banished them all from the kingdom.  Ptolemy, in consequence of this decree, wandered about an exile from his country for some years, until at length the death of Philip enabled Alexander to recall him.  Alexander succeeded his father as King of Macedon, and immediately made Ptolemy one of his principal generals.  Ptolemy rose, in fact, to a very high command in the Macedonian army, and distinguished himself very greatly in all the celebrated conqueror’s subsequent campaigns.  In the Persian invasion, Ptolemy commanded one of the three grand divisions of the army, and he rendered repeatedly the most signal services to the cause of his master.  He was employed on the most distant and dangerous enterprises, and was often intrusted with the management of affairs of the utmost importance.  He was very successful in all his undertakings.  He conquered armies, reduced fortresses, negotiated treaties, and evinced, in a word, the highest degree of military energy and skill.  He once saved Alexander’s life by discovering and revealing a dangerous conspiracy which had been formed against the king.  Alexander had the opportunity to requite this favor, through a divine interposition vouchsafed to him, it was said, for the express purpose of enabling him to evince his gratitude.  Ptolemy had been wounded by a poisoned arrow, and when all the remedies and antidotes of the physicians had failed, and the patient was apparently about to die, an effectual means of cure was revealed to Alexander in a dream, and Ptolemy, in his turn, was saved.

At the great rejoicings at Susa, when Alexander’s conquests were completed, Ptolemy was honored with a golden crown, and he was married, with great pomp and ceremony, to Artacama, the daughter of one of the most distinguished Persian generals.

At length Alexander died suddenly, after a night of drinking and carousal at Babylon.  He had no son old enough to succeed him, and his immense empire was divided among his generals.  Ptolemy obtained Egypt for his share.  He repaired immediately to Alexandria, with a great army, and a great number of Greek attendants and followers, and there commenced a reign which continued, in great prosperity and splendor, for forty years.  The native Egyptians were reduced, of course, to subjection and bondage.  All the offices in the army, and all stations of trust and responsibility in civil life, were filled by Greeks.  Alexandria was a Greek city, and it became at once one of the most important commercial centers in all those seas.  Greek and Roman travelers found now a language spoken in Egypt which they could understand, and philosophers and scholars could gratify the curiosity which they had so long felt, in respect to the institutions, and monuments, and wonderful physical characteristics of the country, with safety and pleasure.  In a word, the organization of a Greek government over the ancient kingdom, and the establishment of the great commercial relations of the city of Alexandria, conspired to bring Egypt out from its concealment and seclusion, and to open it in some measure to the intercourse, as well as to bring it more fully under the observation, of the rest of mankind.