part of her territory, but to which she was advised in friendly counsel by the British Ambassador to submit, for fear of having to endure still worse.  We are told that, two or three years after this great disaster, Turkey was of such amazing enterprise and courage, and was furnished with such a wonderful quantity of cavalry, that she was prepared to send 200,000 horse (which she never had in all her life) over the frontiers of Russia, and sweep her territory.  Now this is, of all the wild dreams that ever crossed the mind of man, one of the most unlikely and extraordinary.  But supposing all this had been true, and that Turkey really was prepared to do all the hon. and learned gentleman said she was, I should have given her just the same advice that I should have offered Sweden under the same circumstances, and should have said, ’Have you not been beaten enough?  Are you mad?  Do you want the Russians to get Constantinople instead of Adrianople?  Will nothing satisfy you?  We cannot come and defend you against your powerful neighbour.  She is on your frontiers, and do not give her any just cause for attacking you.’  Then the hon. and learned gentleman told us of the Shah of Persia, how the gunboats of Sweden, the troops of Austria, the fine cavalry of Turkey, the magnificent legions of Persia, were ready all to pour in upon Russia in revenge for the injuries which the inhabitants of the Baltic coasts inflicted upon Europe in former centuries, and would have stripped Russia of her finest provinces.  Now, what had happened to Persia?  In 1827, she had very foolishly and thoughtlessly, against advice, rushed into a conflict with Russia, and had seen herself reduced to make a treaty, not only surrendering important provinces, but giving Russia the advantage of hoisting her flag in the Caspian.  She had gone to war with a powerful antagonist, and been compelled to submit to humiliating concessions.  Can you suppose that Persia, in that state of things, would have been ready to march against Russia for the sake of assisting Poland?  In the disastrous struggle which ensued, Poland was overthrown; the suspension of its constitution followed, and the substitution of what was called the ‘organic statute’.  The Russian Government pronounced that civil war had abrogated it, and they re-entered Poland as conquerors.  I am not asserting the justice of that, but the contrary; we always maintained a different view.  I need not remind the House how deep a sympathy the sufferings of Poland excited in this country.  Many things have passed in Poland since that time which the British Government greatly regrets, and in respect to which the rights laid down by treaty have been violated.  But when we are asked why the British Government have not enforced treaty rights in every case, my answer is, that the only method of enforcing them would have been by methods of hostility; and that I do not think those questions were questions of sufficient magnitude in their bearing on the interests of England, to justify