they had in view would have been attained.  He was sorry to be obliged to state these facts; but it was necessary to the vindication of the Government, and those who were implicated in those transactions must suffer.  At an earlier period than that mentioned by the right hon. gentleman—­namely, August 15, 1828—­Count Itabayana had applied to Lord Aberdeen for permission to export one hundred and fifty barrels of gunpowder and a quantity of muskets to Brazil.  Lord Aberdeen replied that he would grant that permission provided the arms and powder were not intended to be employed in the civil dissensions of Portugal; that if the Emperor of Brazil had determined to attempt to conquer Portugal, England would not interfere; and he therefore required a bona fide declaration as to the manner in which the arms and powder were to be employed.  Count Itabayana’s answer was, that he did not hesitate to give a clear and precise reply, and that there was no intention of so employing them.  In consequence of this answer, Lord Aberdeen gave the permission desired:  but the arms and powder were, notwithstanding this declaration, instantly transported to Terceira.  Therefore when application was made to the Government for permission for the troops to leave this country for Terceira, they said, ’We have been already deceived; you profess to sail as unarmed men, but you will find arms on your arrival at Terceira.’  They did, however, sail, and the right hon. gentleman had asked what right we had to stop them on the high seas?  He would tell the House that they sailed with false clearances, which were obtained at the Custom-house as for Gibraltar, for Virginia, and other places; but the vessels really went to Terceira.  Now, he begged the House to consider, and to decide on this statement of the case, and he would ask, whether it were consistent with the character of England to permit a military body thus to wage war from our ports with a Power with which we were not at war?  We did not recognize Don Miguel, it was true; but we were not at war with Portugal.  We still maintained commercial relations with that country, and had a consul there.  It was too much for Brazil to desire to place us in a different situation with Portugal from that in which she was herself placed with that country; for she also had a consul there.  We had no reason to believe that Don Pedro meditated a conquest of any part of the Portuguese dominions, and the question was, whether private individuals were to be permitted to carry on hostilities with Portugal from Plymouth.  The duty of neutrality was as strong in respect to a de facto government as to one de jure.  It was inconsistent with neutrality to permit an armed force to remain in this country.  In addition to the Portuguese troops at Plymouth, three hundred Germans were enlisted in the north of Europe to reinforce them.  Was this to be tolerated?  When the Portuguese refugees went to Spain, we required that the officers should