Deut. xxv. 5. [Greek:  Ean de katoikosin adelphoi epi to auto, kai apothanae eis ex auton, sperma de mae ae auto, ouk estai ae gunae tou tethnaekotos exo andri mae engizonti o adelphos tou andros autaes eiseleusetai pros autaen kai laepsetai autaen eauto gunaika kai sunoikaesei autae.]

It is highly probable that all the examples given under this head are really quotations from memory.

[Greek:  Delta symbol] Paraphrase with Combination of Passages. This again is common; e.g.  Luke iv. 19; John xv. 25, xix. 36; Acts xiii. 22; Rom. iii. 11-18, ix. 33, xi. 8; 1 Pet. ii. 24.  The passage Rom. iii. 11-18 is highly composite, and reminds us of long strings of quotations that are found in some of the Fathers; it is made up of Ps. xiv. 1, 2, v. 9, cxl. 3, x. 7, Is. lix. 7, 8, Ps. xxxvi. 1.  A shorter example is—­

Rom. ix. 33. [Greek:  [Kathos gegraptai] Idou tithaemi en Sion lithon proskommatos kai petran skandalou, kai o pisteuon ep auto ou kataischunthaesetai.]

Is. viii. 14. [Greek:  kai ouch hos lithou proskammati sunantaesesthe, oude os petras ptomati.]

Is. xxviii. 16. [Greek:  Idou ego emballo eis ta themelia Sion lithon..., kai o pisteuon ou mae kataischunthae.]

This fusion of passages is generally an act of ’unconscious celebration.’  If we were to apply the standard assumed in ‘Supernatural Religion,’ it would be pronounced impossible that this and most of the passages above could have the originals to which they are certainly to be referred.

[Greek:  Epsilon symbol] Addition. A few cases of addition may be quoted, e.g. [Greek:  mae aposteraesaes] inserted in Mark x. 19, [Greek:  kai eis thaeran] in Rom. xi. 9.

[Greek:  Zeta symbol] Change of Sense and Context. But little regard—­or what according to our modern habits would be considered little regard—­is paid to the sense and original context of the passage quoted; e.g. in Matt. viii. 17 the idea of healing disease is substituted for that of vicarious suffering, in Matt. xi. 10 the persons are altered ([Greek:  sou] for [Greek:  mou]), in Acts vii. 43 we find [Greek:  Babylonos] for [Greek:  Damaskos], in 2 Cor. vi. 17 ’I will receive you’ is put for ‘I will go before you,’ in Heb. i. 7 ’He maketh His angels spirits’ for ’He maketh the winds His messengers.’  This constant neglect of the context is a point that should be borne in mind.

[Greek:  Eta symbol] Inversion. Sometimes the sense of the original is so far departed from that a seemingly opposite sense is substituted for it.  Thus in Matt. ii. 6 [Greek:  oudamos elachistae = oligostos] of Mic. v. 2, in Rom. xi. 26 [Greek:  ek Sion = heneken Sion] LXX= ‘to Sion’ Heb. of Is. lix. 20, in Eph. iv. 8 [Greek:  hedoken domata = helabes domata] of Ps. lxvii. 19.

[Greek:  Theta symbol] Different Form of Sentence. The grammatical form of the sentence is altered in Matt. xxvi. 31 (from aorist to future), in Luke viii. 10 (from oratio recta to oratio obliqua), and in 1 Pet. iii. 10-12 (from the second person to the third).  This is a kind of variation that we should naturally look for.