Turning to them, we find that most of the possible forms of variation are exemplified within the bounds of the Canon itself.  I proceed to give a few classified instances of these.

[Greek:  Alpha symbol] Paraphrase.  Many of the quotations from the Old Testament in the New are highly paraphrastic.  We may take the following as somewhat marked examples:  Matt. ii. 6, xii. 18-21, xiii. 35, xxvii. 9, 10; John viii. 17, xii. 40, xiii. 18; 1 Cor. xiv. 21; 2 Cor. ix. 7.  Matt. xxvii. 9, 10 would perhaps mark an extreme point in freedom of quotation [Endnote 21:1], as will be seen when it is compared with the original:—­

Matt. xxvii. 9. 10.

[Greek:  [tote eplaerothae to phaethen dia tou prophaetou Hieremiou legontos] Kai elabon ta triakonta arguria, taen timaen tou tetimaemenou on etimaesanto apo nion Israael, kai edokan auta eis ton argon tou kerameos, katha sunetaxen moi Kurios.]

Zech. xi. 13.

[Greek:  Kathes autous eis to choneutaerion, kai schepsomai ei dokimon estin, de tropon edokiamistheaen huper aotuon.  Kai elabon tous triakonta argurous kai enebalon autous eis oikon Kuriou eis to choneutaerion.]

It can hardly be possible that the Evangelist has here been influenced by any Targum or version.  The form of his text has apparently been determined by the historical event to which the prophecy is applied.  The sense of the original has been entirely altered.  There the prophet obeys the command to put the thirty pieces of silver, which he had received as his shepherd’s hire, into the treasury [Greek:  choneutaerion].  Here the hierarchical party refuse to put them into the treasury.  The word ‘potter’ seems to be introduced from the Hebrew.

[Greek:  Beta symbol] Quotations from Memory.  Among the numerous paraphrastic quotations, there are some that have specially the appearance of having been made from memory, such as Acts vii. 37; Rom. ix. 9, 17, 25, 33, x. 6-8, xi. 3, xii. 19, xiv. 11; 1 Cor. i. 19, ii. 9; Rev. ii. 27.  Of course it must always be a matter of guess-work what is quoted from memory and what is not, but in these quotations (and in others which are ranged under different heads) there is just that general identity of sense along with variety of expression which usually characterises such quotations.  A simple instance would be—­

Rom. ix. 25.

[Greek:  [hos kai en to Osaee legei] Kaleso ton out laon mou laon mou kai taen ouk aegapaemenaen haegapaemenaen.]

Hosea ii. 23.

[Greek:  Kai agapaeso taen ouk aegapaemenaen, kai ero to ou lao mou Daos mou ei se.]

[Greek:  Gamma symbol] Paraphrase with Compression. There are many marked examples of this; such as Matt. xxii. 24 (par.); Mark iv. 12; John xii. 14, 15; Rom. iii. 15-17, x. 15; Heb. xii. 20.  Take the first:—­

Matt. xxii. 24. [Greek:  [Mousaes eipen] Ean tis apothanae mae echon tekna, epigambreusei o adelphos autou taen gunaika autou kai anastaesei sperma to adelpho autou.]