“Here pilgrims roam, that strayed so far to seek
  In Golgotha him dead, who lives in Heaven.”

  Milton.

Jerusalem, Monday, May 3, 1852.

Since travel is becoming a necessary part of education, and a journey through the East is no longer attended with personal risk, Jerusalem will soon be as familiar a station on the grand tour as Paris or Naples.  The task of describing it is already next to superfluous, so thoroughly has the topography of the city been laid down by the surveys of Robinson and the drawings of Roberts.  There is little more left for Biblical research.  The few places which can be authenticated are now generally accepted, and the many doubtful ones must always be the subjects of speculation and conjecture.  There is no new light which can remove the cloud of uncertainties wherein one continually wanders.  Yet, even rejecting all these with the most skeptical spirit, there still remains enough to make the place sacred in the eyes of every follower of Christ.  The city stands on the ancient site; the Mount of Olives looks down upon it; the foundations of the Temple of Solomon are on Mount Moriah; the Pool of Siloam has still a cup of water for those who at noontide go down to the Valley of Jehosaphat; the ancient gate yet looketh towards Damascus, and of the Palace of Herod, there is a tower which Time and Turk and Crusader have spared.

Jerusalem is built on the summit ridge of the hill-country of Palestine, just where it begins to slope eastward.  Not half a mile from the Jaffa Gate, the waters run towards the Mediterranean.  It is about 2,700 feet above the latter, and 4,000 feet above the Dead Sea, to which the descent is much more abrupt.  The hill, or rather group of small mounts, on which Jerusalem stands, slants eastward to the brink of the Valley of Jehosaphat, and the Mount of Olives rises opposite, from the sides and summit of which, one sees the entire city spread out like a map before him.  The Valley of Hinnon, the bed of which is on a much higher level than that of Jehosaphat, skirts the south-western and southern part of the walls, and drops into the latter valley at the foot of Mount Zion, the most southern of the mounts.  The steep slope at the junction of the two valleys is the site of the city of the Jebusites, the most ancient part of Jerusalem.  It is now covered with garden-terraces, the present wall crossing from Mount Zion on the south to Mount Moriah on the east.  A little glen, anciently called the Tyropeon, divides the mounts, and winds through to the Damascus Gate, on the north, though from the height of the walls and the position of the city, the depression which it causes in the mass of buildings is not very perceptible, except from the latter point, Moriah is the lowest of the mounts, and hangs directly over the Valley of Jehosaphat.  Its summit was built up by Solomon so as to form a quadrangular terrace, five hundred by three hundred yards in dimension.  The lower courses of the