Saturday was the last day of the fast-month of Ramazan, and yesterday the celebration of the solemn festival of Bairam took place.  The moon changed on Friday morning at 11 o’clock, but as the Turks have no faith in astronomy, and do not believe the moon has actually changed until they see it, all good Mussulmen were obliged to fast an additional day.  Had Saturday been cloudy, and the new moon invisible, I am not sure but the fast would have been still further prolonged.  A good look-out was kept, however, and about four o’clock on Saturday afternoon some sharp eyes saw the young crescent above the sun.  There is a hill near Gemlik, on the Gulf of Moudania, about fifty miles from here, whence the Turks believe the new moon can be first seen.  The families who live on this hill are exempted from taxation, in consideration of their keeping a watch for the moon, at the close of Ramazan.  A series of signals, from hill to hill, is in readiness, and the news is transmitted to Constantinople in a very short time Then, when the muezzin proclaims the asser, or prayer two hours before sunset, he proclaims also the close of Ramazan.  All the batteries fire a salute, and the big guns along the water announce the joyful news to all parts of the city.  The forts on the Bosphorus take up the tale, and both shores, from the Black Sea to the Propontis, shake with the burden of their rejoicing.  At night the mosques are illuminated for the last time, for it is only during Ramazan that they are lighted, or open for night service.

After Ramazan, comes the festival of Bairam, which lasts three days, and is a season of unbounded rejoicing.  The bazaars are closed, no Turk does any work, but all, clothed in their best dresses, or in an entire new suit if they can afford it, pass the time in feasting, in paying visits, or in making excursions to the shores of the Bosphorus, or other favorite spots around Constantinople.  The festival is inaugurated by a solemn state ceremony, at the Seraglio and the mosque of Sultan Achmed, whither the Sultan goes in procession, accompanied by all the officers of the Government.  This is the last remaining pageant which has been spared to the Ottoman monarchs by the rigorous reforming measures of Sultan Mahmoud, and shorn as it is of much of its former splendor, it probably surpasses in brilliant effect any spectacle which any other European Court can present.  The ceremonies which take place inside of the Seraglio were, until within three or four years, prohibited to Frank eyes, and travellers were obliged to content themselves with a view of the procession, as it passed to the mosque.  Through the kindness of Mr. Brown, of the American Embassy, I was enabled to witness the entire solemnity, in all its details.