terror.  Fortifications in those quarters to any extent will not be necessary, and the expense attending them may be saved.  A people accustomed to the use of firearms only, as the Indian tribes are, will shun even moderate works which are defended by cannon.  Great fortifications will therefore be requisite only in future along the coast and at some points in the interior connected with it.  On these will the safety of our towns and the commerce of our great rivers, from the Bay of Fundy to the Mississippi, depend.  On these, therefore, should the utmost attention, skill, and labor be bestowed.

A considerable and rapid augmentation in the value of all the public lands, proceeding from these and other obvious causes, may henceforward be expected.  The difficulties attending early emigrations will be dissipated even in the most remote parts.  Several new States have been admitted into our Union to the west and south, and Territorial governments, happily organized, established over every other portion in which there is vacant land for sale.  In terminating Indian hostilities, as must soon be done, in a formidable shape at least, the emigration, which has heretofore been great, will probably increase, and the demand for land and the augmentation in its value be in like proportion.  The great increase of our population throughout the Union will alone produce an important effect, and in no quarter will it be so sensibly felt as in those in contemplation.  The public lands are a public stock, which ought to be disposed of to the best advantage for the nation.  The nation should therefore derive the profit proceeding from the continual rise in their value.  Every encouragement should be given to the emigrants consistent with a fair competition between them, but that competition should operate in the first sale to the advantage of the nation rather than of individuals.  Great capitalists will derive all the benefit incident to their superior wealth under any mode of sale which may be adopted.  But if, looking forward to the rise in the value of the public lands, they should have the opportunity of amassing at a low price vast bodies in their hands, the profit will accrue to them and not to the public.  They would also have the power in that degree to control the emigration and settlement in such a manner as their opinion of their respective interests might dictate.  I submit this subject to the consideration of Congress, that such further provision may be made in the sale of the public lands, with a view to the public interest, should any be deemed expedient, as in their judgment may be best adapted to the object.