These parries and rarely used, as an attack below the waist leaves the head and body exposed.

[Illustration:  Par. 41.]

[Illustration:  Par. 44.]

42.  Parries must not be too wide or sweeping, but sharp, short motions, finished with a jerk or quick catch.  The hands should, as far as possible, be kept in the line of attack.  Parries against BUTT STRIKE are made by quickly moving the guard so as to cover the point attacked.

43.  To provide against attack from the right, left, or rear the soldier will change front as quickly as possible in the most convenient maimer:  for example:  1.  To the left rear, 2. Parry, 3.  HIGH; 1.  To the right, 2. Parry, 3.  RIGHT, etc.

These movements constitute a change of front in which the position of guard is resumed at the completion of the movement.

In changing front for the purpose of attack or defense, if there is danger of wounding a comrade, the rifle should first be brought to a vertical position.

III.  INSTRUCTION WITHOUT THE BAYONET.

44. 1. Clubrifle_, 2.  SWING.

[Illustration:  Par. 44.]

Being at order arms, at the preparatory command quickly raise and turn the rifle, regrasping it with both hands between the rear sight and muzzle, barrel down, thumbs around the stock and toward the butt; at the same time raise the rifle above the shoulder farthest from the opponent, butt elevated and to the rear, elbows slightly bent and knees straight.  Each individual takes such position of the feet, shoulders, and hands as best accords with his natural dexterity.  SWING.  Tighten the grasp of the hands and swing the rifle to the front and downward, directing it at the head of the opponent, and immediately return to the position of club rifle by completing the swing of the rifle downward and to the rear.  Repeat by the command, SWING.

The rifle should be swung with sufficient force to break through any guard or parry that may be interposed.

Being at CLUB RIFLE, order arms is resumed by command.

The use of this attack against dummies or in fencing is prohibited.

45.  The position of CLUB RIFLE may be taken from any position of the rifle prescribed in the Manual of Arms.  It will not be taken in personal combat unless the emergency is such as to preclude the use of the bayonet.

IV.  COMBINED MOVEMENT.

46.  The purpose of combined movements is to develop more vigorous attacks and more effective defenses than are obtained by the single movements; to develop skill in passing from attack to defense and the reverse.  Every movement to the front should be accompanied by an attack, which is increased in effectiveness by the forward movement of the body.  Every movement to the rear should ordinarily be accompanied by a parry and should always be followed by an attack.  Movements to the right or left may be accompanied by attacks or defense.