6.  The following important distinctions must be observed: 

(a) Drills executed AT ATTENTION and the ceremonies are DISCIPLINARY EXERCISES designed to teach precise and soldierly movement, and to inculcate that prompt and subconscious obedience which is essential to proper military control.  To this end smartness and precision should be exacted in the execution of every detail.  Such drills should be frequent, but short.

(b) The purpose of EXTENDED ORDER DRILL is to teach the mechanism of deployment, of the firings, and, in general, of the employment of troops in combat.  Such drills are in the nature of disciplinary exercises and should be frequent, thorough, and exact in order to habituate men to the firm control of their leaders.  Extended order drill is executed at ease.  The company is the largest unit which executes extended order drill.

(c) FIELD EXERCISES are for instruction in the duties incident to campaign.  Assumed situations are employed.  Each exercise should conclude with a discussion, on the ground, of the exercise and principles involved.

(d) The COMBAT EXERCISE, a form of field exercise of the company, battalion, and larger units, consists of the APPLICATION OF TACTICAL PRINCIPLES to assumed situations, employing in the execution the appropriate formations and movements of close and extended order.

Combat exercises must simulate, as far as possible, the battle conditions assumed.  In order to familiarize both officers and men with such conditions, companies and battalions will frequently be consolidated to provide war-strength organizations.  Officers and noncommissioned officers not required to complete the full quota of the units participating are assigned as observers or umpires.

The firing line can rarely be controlled by the voice alone; thorough training to insure the proper use of prescribed signals is necessary.

The exercise should be followed by a brief drill at attention in order to restore smartness and control.

7.  In field exercises the enemy is said to be IMAGINARY when his position and force are merely assumed; OUTLINED when his position and force are indicated by a few men; REPRESENTED when a body of troop acts as such.

General Rules for Drills and Formations.

8.  When the PREPARATORY commands consists of more than one part its elements are arranged as follows: 

(1) For movements to be executed successively by the subdivisions or elements of an organization:  (a) Description of the movement; (b) how executed, or on what element executed.

(2) For movements to be executed simultaneously by the subdivisions of an organization:  (a) The designation of the subdivisions; (b) the movement to be executed.

9.  Movements that may be executed toward either flank are explained as toward but one flank, it being necessary to substitute the word “left” for “right,” and the reverse, to have the explanation of the corresponding movement toward the other flank.  The commands are given for the execution of the movements toward either flank.  The substitute word of the command is placed within parentheses.