FRONT:  The space, in width, occupied by an element, either in line or in column.  The front of a man is assumed to be 22 inches.  Front also denotes the direction of the enemy.

GUIDE:  An officer, noncommissioned officer, or private upon whom the command or elements thereof regulates its march.

HEAD:  The leading element of a column.

INTERVAL:  Space between elements of the same line.  The interval between men in ranks is 4 inches, and is measured from elbow to elbow.  Between companies, squads, etc., it is measured from the left elbow of the left man or guide of the group on the right to the right elbow of the right man or guide of the group on the left.

LEFT:  The left extremity or element of a body of troops.

LINE:  A formation in which the different elements are abreast of each other.

ORDER, CLOSE:  The formation in which the units, in double rank, are arranged in line or in column with normal intervals and distances.

ORDER, EXTENDED:  The formation in which the units are separated by intervals greater than in close order.

PACE:  Thirty inches; the length of the full step in quick time.

POINT OF REST:  The point at which a formation begins.  Specifically, the point toward which units are aligned in successive movements.

RANK:  A line of men placed side by side.

RIGHT:  The right extremity or element of a body of troops.

PART I.—­DRILL.

SECTION 2.—­INTRODUCTION.

1.[4] Success in battle is the ultimate object of all military training; success may be looked for only when the training is intelligent and thorough.

[Footnote 4:  The numbers refer to paragraphs in the Infantry Drill Regulations, 1911.]

2.  Commanding officers are accountable for the proper training of their respective organizations within the limits prescribed by regulations and orders.

The excellence of an organization is judged by its field efficiency.  The field efficiency of an organization depends primarily upon its effectiveness as a whole.  Thoroughness and uniformity in the training of the units of an organization are indispensable to the efficiency of the whole; it is by such means alone that the requisite teamwork may be developed.

3.  Simple movements and elastic formations are essential to correct training for battle.

4.  The Drill Regulations are furnished as a guide.  They provide the principles for training and for increasing the probability of success in battle.

In the interpretation of the regulations, the spirit must be sought.  Quibbling over the minutiae of form is indicative of failure to grasp the spirit.

5.  The principles of combat are considered in Part II of these regulations.  They are treated in the various schools included in Part I only to the extent necessary to indicate the functions of the various commanders and the division of responsibility between them.  The amplification necessary to a proper understanding of their application is to be sought in Part II.