the vital and moving principle of the national policy.  So that ever since 1830 slavery, slave-holding, slave-breeding, and slave-trading have enjoyed the special and fostering care of the Federal Government.  As to the quid pro quo—­the taxation that was to be connected with the representation of “three-fifths of all other persons,” that has been almost entirely evaded.  “There has not been,” says a New England Reviewer, “if we mistake not, but in one instance, and then in a very light degree, an assessment of direct taxation.”

Art.  I., sect. 8, says, “Congress shall have power”—­among other things—­“to suppress insurrections.”  And Art.  IV., sect. 4, says, “The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government; and shall protect each of them against invasion; and on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence.”

These clauses pledge the whole force of the United States’ army, and navy too, if needs be, to the maintenance of slavery in any or in all the States and Districts in which it may exist.  But for this, the system could not stand a single day.  Let the North say to the South, “We will not interfere with your ‘peculiar institution,’ but we will not defend it; if you cannot keep your slaves in subjection, you must expect no aid from us.”  Let them only say this, and do nothing, and the whole fabric of slavery would instantly crumble and fall.  The edifice is rotten, and is propped up only by the buttresses of the North.  The South retains the slave, because the free States furnish the sentinels.

Again, Art.  IV., sect. 2, says, “No person held to service or labour in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labour; but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labour may be due.”

This clause pledges the North, not only to refuse an asylum to the fugitive slave, but also to deliver him up to his unrighteous and cruel task-master,—­a deed which the law of God expressly condemns, and which the best impulses of our nature repudiate with loathing and contempt.  The article before us constitutes all the free States of the Union a slave-hunting ground for the Southern aristocracy.  Talk of the game laws of England!  Here is a game law infinitely more unjust and oppressive.  A free country this!  A noble government!  Hail Columbia!

See how this slave-holding aristocracy have always managed to oppress the North, and to secure to themselves the lion’s share of the good things of government.

THE PRESIDENCY.—­Out of the 16 presidential elections since the origin of the Confederation, 13 have been in favour of slave-holders, and only 3 in favour of Northern men.  By holding the Presidency, slavery rules the cabinet, the diplomacy, the army, and the navy of the Union.  The power that controls the Presidency controls the nation.  No Northern President has ever been re-elected.