time was spent, a cow approached him, knelt down, and put her head beneath his feet.  Another time, when he was taking food, a dog threw a human hand under the table.  And a conspicuous cypress tree, which had been uprooted and overthrown by a violent wind, on the next day stood upright again by its own power and continued to flourish.  From a dream he learned that when Nero Caesar should lose a tooth, he should be emperor:  and this matter of the tooth became a reality on the following day.  Nero himself in his slumbers thought he was bringing the chariot of Jupiter to Vespasian’s house.  These occurrences, of course, needed interpretation.  But in addition a Jew named Josephus, who had previously been disliked by him and imprisoned, gave a laugh and said:  “You may imprison me now, but a year later when you become emperor you will release me.”

[Sidenote:—­2—­] Thus had Vespasian, like some others, been born for the position.  While he was as yet absent in Egypt Mucianus administered all the details of government with the help of Domitian.  Mucianus feeling that he had himself given the sovereignty to Vespasian exulted greatly at these facts above all,—­that he was called “brother” by him, and that he had authority to decide every question that he liked without the emperor’s express approval and could issue written orders by merely adding his superior’s name.  For this purpose, too, he wore a finger ring that had been sent him, which was intended to impress the imperial seal upon documents requiring authorization. [Indeed, Domitian himself gave offices and procuratorships to many persons, appointing prefect after prefect and even consuls.] In fine, they behaved in every way so much like absolute rulers that Vespasian once sent the following message to Domitian:  “I thank you, my child, for letting me hold office and that you have not yet dethroned me.”

Now Mucianus gathered into the public treasury from every possible quarter vast sums of money, showing an entire readiness to relieve Vespasian of the censure which such a proceeding caused.  He was forever declaring that money was the sinews of sovereignty; and in accordance with this belief he was constantly urging Vespasian to obtain funds from every quarter, and for his own part he continued from the outset to collect revenue, thus providing a large amount of money for the empire and acquiring a large amount himself.

[Sidenote:—­3—­] In Germany various uprisings against the Romans took place which are not worth mentioning for my purposes, but there was one incident that must cause us surprise.  A certain Julius Sabinus, one of the foremost of the Lingones, collected by his own efforts a separate force and took the name of Caesar, declaring that he was a descendant of Julius Caesar.  He was defeated in several engagements, whereupon he fled to a field and plunged into a subterranean vault beneath a monument, which he first burned to the ground.  His pursuers thought