cases they have ready a kind of food of which a piece the size of a bean when eaten prevents them from being either hungry or thirsty.  Of such a nature is the island of Britain, and such are the inhabitants that the enemy’s country has.  For it is an island, and the fact (as I have stated) [Footnote:  Compare Book Thirty-nine, chapter 50, which, in turn, refers to Book Sixty-six, chapter 20.] was clearly proved at this time.  The length of it is seven thousand one hundred and thirty-two stades.  Its greatest breadth is two thousand three hundred and ten, and its least is three hundred. [Sidenote:—­13—­] Of all this we hold a little less than a half.  So Severus, desiring to subjugate the whole of it, invaded Caledonia.  While traversing the territory he had untold trouble in cutting down the forests, reducing the levels of heights, filling up the swamps, and bridging the rivers.  He fought no battle and beheld no adversary in battle array.  The enemy purposely put sheep and cattle in front of them for the soldiers to seize, in order that the latter might be deceived for a longer time and wear themselves out.  The Romans received great damage from the streams and were made objects of attack when they were scattered.  Afterward, being unable to walk, they were slain by their own friends to avoid capture, so that nearly as many as fifty thousand died.

But the emperor did not desist till he had approached the extremity of the island.  Here he observed very accurately to how slight a degree the sun declined below the horizon [Footnote:  Compare Tacitus, Agricola, chapter 12 (two sentences, Dierum [Lacuna] affirmant).] and the length of days and nights both summer and winter.  Thus having been conveyed through practically the whole of the hostile region,—­for he was really conveyed in a covered chair most of the way on account of his weakness,—­he returned to [Sidenote:  A.D. 210 (a.u. 963)] friendly territory, first forcing the Britons to come to terms on condition that he should abandon a good part of their territory.

[Sidenote:—­14—­] Antoninus also disturbed him and involved him in vain worry by his intemperate life, by his evident intention to murder his brother if the chance should present itself, and finally by plotting against his own father.  Once he leaped suddenly out of his quarters, shouting and bawling and feigning to have been wronged by Castor.  This man was the best of the Caesarians attending upon Severus, had been trusted with his opinions, and had been assigned the duties of chamberlain.  Certain soldiers with whom previous arrangements had been made hereupon gathered and joined the outcry; but they were checked in short order, as Severus himself appeared on the scene and punished the more unruly among them.