for despising all mankind, gratifying his friends, and making reprisals upon his enemy.  Many bitter and witty epigrams of his spoken to various people are reported, and many to Severus himself.  Here is one of the latter.  When the emperor was enrolled in the family of Marcus, Auspex said:  “I congratulate you, Caesar, upon having found a father.”  This implied that up to this time his obscure origin had made him as good as fatherless.

[Sidenote:  A.D. 206-7(?)] [Sidenote:—­10—­] It was at this period that one Bulla, an Italian, established a robber band of about six hundred men and for two years continued to plunder Italy under the very noses of the emperors and of so great bodies of soldiers.  Pursuit was instituted by numerous persons, and Severus emulously followed his trail, but the fellow was never really seen when seen, never found when found, never apprehended when caught.  This was due to his great bribes and his cleverness.  He got wind of everybody that was setting out from Rome and everybody that was putting into port at Brundusium, learning who and how many they were, and what and how much they had with them.  His general method was to take a part of what they had and then let them go at once.  Artisans, however, he detained for a time and after making use of their skill dismissed them with something extra as a present.  Once two of his robbers had been captured and were to be given to beasts, whereupon the chief paid a visit to the keeper of the prison, pretending that he was the governor of his native place (?) and needed some such men, and in this way he secured and saved them.  Again, he approached the centurion who was charged with abolishing brigandage and in disguise accused his own self; he further promised, if the centurion would accompany him, to deliver the robber to him.  So, pretending that he was leading him to Felix (this was another name of the chief), he brought him to a hill-encompassed spot, suitable for ambuscade, and easily seized him.  Later he assumed the garb of a magistrate, ascended the tribunal, and having called the centurion caused his head to be shaved, and said:  “Take this message to your masters:  ’Feed your slaves, if you want to make an end of brigandage.’” Bulla had, indeed, a very great number of Caesarians, some who had been poorly paid and some who had gone absolutely without pay.

Severus, informed of these events one at a time, was moved to anger to think that while having other men win victory in warfare in Britain, he himself in Italy had proved no match for a robber.  At last he despatched a tribune from his body-guard with many horsemen and threatened him with terrible punishments if he should not bring the culprit alive.  Then this commander ascertained that the chief was maintaining relations of intimacy with the wife of another, and through the agency of her husband persuaded her on promise of immunity to cooperate with them.  As a result the elusive leader was arrested while asleep in a cave.  Papinianus the prefect asked him:  “For what reason did you become a robber?” The other rejoined:  “For what reason are you a prefect?” And thereafter by solemn proclamation he was given to beasts.  His robber band broke up, for the entire strength of the six hundred lay in him.