that of “A Spy upon the Conjurer,” though the concluding sentence, “Love shall be there too, who waits forever upon Wit,” is a sentiment after Eliza’s heart.  And moreover, though “Fidelia” and “Justicia” may be one and the same persons, Mr. D’Anvers’ assurances that the letter is genuine are not to be relied upon with too much confidence, for had he wished to praise himself, he would naturally have resorted to some such device.

The last volume relating to the Scotch wizard did not appear until 1732, two years after Campbell’s death.  “Secret Memoirs of the late Mr. Duncan Campbel, The famous Deaf and Dumb Gentleman.  Written by Himself, who ordered they should be publish’d after his Decease,” consisted of 164 pages devoted to miscellaneous anecdotes of the prophet, a reprint of Defoe’s “Friendly Daemon” (p. 166), “Original Letters sent to Mr. Campbel by his Consulters” (p. 196), and “An Appendix, By Way of Vindication of Mr. Duncan Campbel, Against That groundless Aspersion cast upon him, That he but pretended to be Deaf and Dumb.  By a Friend of the Deceased” (p. 225).  The authorship of this book has received but slight attention from students of Defoe, and still remains something of a puzzle.  No external evidence on the point has yet come to light, but some probable conclusions may be reached through an examination of the substance and style.

In the first place, there is no probability—­the statement on the title-page notwithstanding—­that Mr. Campbell himself had anything to do with the composition of the “Memoirs.”  Since the magician had taken no part in the literary exploitation of his fame during his lifetime, it is fair to infer that he did not begin to do so two years after his death.  Moreover, each of the three writers, Bond, Defoe, and Eliza Haywood, already identified with the Campbell pamphlets was perfectly capable of passing off fiction as feigned biography.  Both the author of “Memoirs of a Cavalier” and the scribbler of secret histories had repeatedly used the device.  There is no evidence, however, that William Bond had any connection with the present work, but a large share of it was almost certainly done by Defoe and Mrs. Haywood.

The former had died full of years on 26 April, 1731, about a year before the “Secret Memoirs” was published.  It is possible, however, that he may have assembled most of the material for the book and composed a number of pages.  The inclusion of his “Friendly Daemon” makes this suspicion not unlikely.  And furthermore, certain anecdotes told in the first section, particularly in the first eighty pages, are such stories as would have appealed to Defoe’s penchant for the uncanny, and might well have been selected by him.  The style is not different from that of pieces known to be his.