[-28-] During this same period also many wars took place.  Pirates overran many quarters, so that Sardinia had no senatorial governor for some years, but was in charge of soldiers with knights for commanders.  Not a few cities rebelled, with the result that for two years the same persons held office in the same provinces of the People, and were personally appointed instead of being chosen by lot.  The provinces of Caesar were in general so arranged that men should govern in the same places for a considerable time.  However, I shall not go into all these matters minutely.  Many things not worthy of record happened in individual instances, and no one would be benefited by the exact details.  I shall mention simply the events worth remembering, and very briefly, save those of greatest importance.

The Isaurians began marauding expeditions and kept on till they faced grim war, but were finally subdued.  The Gaetuli, discontented with their king, Juba, and at the same time feeling themselves slighted because not governed by the Romans, rose against him:  they ravaged the neighboring territory and killed even many of the Romans who made a campaign against them.  In fine, they gained so great an ascendancy that Cornelius Cossus, who reduced them, received triumphal honors and title for it.  While these troubles were in progress expeditions against the Celtae were being conducted by various leaders, and notably by Tiberius.  He advanced first to the river Visurgis and subsequently as far as the Albis, but nothing of any moment was accomplished then, although not only Augustus but also Tiberius was dubbed imperator for it, and Gaius Sentius, governor of Germany, received triumphal honors.  The Celtae were so afraid of their foes that they made a truce with him not merely once but twice.  And the reason that peace was again granted them, in spite of their having broken it so soon, was that the affairs of the Dalmatians and Pannonians, who had begun a rebellion on a large scale, needed vigilant attention.

[-29-] The Dalmatians, smarting under the levies of tribute, had for some time previous kept quiet even against their will.  But, at the same time that Tiberius made his second campaign against the Celtae, Valerius Messalinus, the governor of Dalmatia and Pannonia, was himself despatched to the front with Tiberius, taking most of his army; they, too, were ordered to send a contingent and on coming together for this purpose had a chance to see the flower of their fighting force.  After that there was no more delay, but urged on particularly by one Bato, a Daesidiatian, at first a few revolted and worsted the Romans that came against them, and this success then led others to rebel.  Next, the Breuci, a Pannonian tribe, put another leader named Bato at their head and marched against Sirmium and the Romans in the town.  This they did not capture:  Caecina Severus, the governor of Moesia close by, he heard of their uprising marched rapidly upon them, and joining