evidence.  Caepio’s father liberated one of his slaves who had accompanied his son on his flight, because he had wished to defend the younger man when he met his death; but a second slave who had betrayed him the father led through the middle of the Forum with an inscription making known the reason why he should be killed, and after that crucified him:  yet at all this the emperor showed no indignation.  He would have allayed all the criticism of those not pleased with the course of events, had he not allowed sacrifices, as for some victory, to be both voted and offered.

[-4-] It was at this period that he restored both Cyprus and Gallia Narbonensis to the people as provinces no longer needing his administration of martial law.

Thus proconsuls began to be sent to these places also.  He also dedicated the temple of Jupiter Tonans, concerning which event these two traditions survive,—­that at the time thunder occurred during the ritual, and that later Augustus had a dream, which I shall proceed to describe.  He thought that the throng had come to do reverence to the deity, partly attracted by the novelty of his name and form and partly because he had been put in place by Augustus, but chiefest of all because they encountered him first when they ascended the Capitol; and he dreamed that Jupiter in the great temple was angry because he was now reduced to second place, and that he himself thereupon said to the offended god (as he reported the story) that he had Tonans as an advance guard.  When it became day he attached a bell to the statue by way of confirming the vision.  For those who guard apartment houses by night carry a bell, in order to be able to signal the inhabitants whenever they wish.—­These events, then, took place at Rome.

[-5-] About this same period the Cantabri and the Astures broke out into war again.  The action of the Astures was due to the haughtiness and cruelty of Carisius.  The Cantabri, on the other hand, took the field because they learned that the other tribe was in revolt and because they despised their governor, Gaius Furnius, since he had but lately arrived and they conceived him to be unacquainted with conditions in their territory.  He did not, however, show himself that sort of man in action, for both tribes were defeated and reduced to slavery by him, Carisius even receiving help from him.  Not many of the Cantabri were captured.  As they had no hope of freedom they did not choose to live, but some after setting the forts on fire stabbed themselves, and others let themselves be consumed with the works, while still others in the sight of all took poison.  Thus the most of them and the fiercest faction perished.  As for the Astures, as soon as they had been repulsed in a siege at some point and had subsequently been beaten in battle, they made no further resistance but were straightway subdued.