In this way, then, the war was ended once more, after many men and much money had been consumed.  The legions supported for it were very numerous, whereas the spoils taken were exceedingly meagre. [-17-] On this occasion also Germanicus announced the victory, in honor of which Augustus and Tiberius were allowed to bear the name imperator and to celebrate a triumph; and they received still other honors, as well as two arches bearing trophies, in Pannonia.  These, at least, were all of many distinctions voted that Augustus would accept.  Germanicus received triumphal honors (which belonged likewise to the other commanders) and praetorial honors, the right of casting his vote immediately after the ex-consuls and of obtaining the consulship earlier than custom allowed.  Drusus, the son of Tiberius, although he had not participated in the war, was voted permission to attend the sittings of the senate before he became a member of that body, and when he should become quaestor to cast his vote before the expraetors.

[-18-] Scarcely had these resolutions been passed when terrible news that arrived from Germany prevented them from holding any festivals.  At that same period the following events had taken place in Celtica.  The Romans had a hold on parts of it,—­not the whole region, but just places that happened to have been subdued, so that the fact has not received historical notice,—­and soldiers of theirs were used to wintering there and cities were being founded.  The barbarians were adapting themselves to Roman ways, were taking up the custom of markets, and were holding peaceful meetings.  They had not, however, forgotten their ancestral habits, their native manners, the life of independence, or the authority given by arms.  Hence, while they were unlearning them gradually and imperceptibly, with careful watching, they were not disturbed by the changed conditions of existence, and they were becoming different without knowing it.  Finally, Quintilius Varus received the command of Germany and in the discharge of his office strove, in administering the affairs of the people, to introduce more widespread changes among them.  He treated them in general as if they were already slaves, levying money upon them as he had upon subject nations.  This they were not inclined to endure, for the prominent men longed for their former ascendency and the masses preferred their accustomed constitution to foreign domination.  They did not openly revolt, since they saw there were many Roman soldiers near the Rhine and many in their own territory; but they received Varus, pretending they would execute all his commands, and took him far away from the Rhine into Cheruscis near the Visurgis.  There by behaving in a most peaceful and friendly manner they led him to believe that they could be trusted to live submissively without soldiers. [-19-] Consequently he did not keep his legions together as was proper in an enemy’s country, and many of the men he distributed to helpless