needs (she, the fairy godmother of the Pan-Turk ideal) must obviously have the first call on such provisions as are obtainable.  Thus, in the new preserved meat factory at Aidin, the whole of the produce is sent to Germany.  Thus, too, though in February 1917 there was a daily shortage in Smyrna of 700 sacks of flour, and the Arab and Greek population was starving, no flour at all was allowed to be imported into Smyrna.  But simultaneously Germany was making huge purchases of fish, meat, and flour in Constantinople (paid for in German paper), including 100,000 sheep.  Yet such was the villainous selfishness of the famine-stricken folk at Adrianople that, when the trains containing these supplies were passing through, a mob held them up and sold the contents to the inhabitants.  That, however, was an isolated instance, and in any case a law was passed in October 1916, appointing a military commission to control all supplies.  It enacts that troops shall be supplied first, and specially ordains that the requirements of German troops come under this head. (Private firms have been expressly prohibited from purchasing these augmented wheat supplies, but special permission was given in 1915 to German and Austro-Hungarian societies to buy.) A few months later we find that there are a hundred deaths daily in Constantinople from starvation, and two hundred in Smyrna, where there is a complete shortage of oil.  But oil is still being sent to Germany, and during 1916 five hundred reservoirs of oil were sent there, each containing up to 15,000 kilogrammes.  Similarly during this summer the price of fruit has gone up in Smyrna, for the Germans have reopened certain factories for preserving it and turning it into jam, which is being sent to Germany.  The sugar is supplied from the new beet-fields of Konia.  But Kultur must be supplied first, else Kultur would grow lean, and the Turkish God of Love will look after the Smyrniotes.  It is no wonder that the blockade of Germany does not produce the desired result a little quicker, for food is already pouring in from Turkey, and when the artificial manures have produced their early harvest the stream will become a torrent.[1]

[Footnote 1:  The harvest has now come in, and is most abundant.]

But during all these busy and tremendous months of war Germany has not only been denuding Turkey of her food supplies, for the sake of the Pan-Turkish ideal; in the same altruistic spirit she has been vastly increasing the productiveness of her new and most important colony.  The great irrigation works at Konia, begun several years ago, are in operation, and the revenues of the irrigated villages have been doubled.  In fact, as the report lately issued says, ’a new and fertile province has been formed by the aid of German energy and knowledge.’  At Adana are similar irrigation works, financed by the Deutsche Bank.  Ernst Marre gives us a most hopeful survey of them, for Adana was already linked up with the