CHAPTER I. HOW MULES SHOULD BE TREATED IN BREAKING.

I have long had it in contemplation to write something concerning the mule, in the hope that it might be of benefit to those who had to deal with him, as well in as out of the army, and make them better acquainted with his habits and usefulness.  The patient, plodding mule is indeed an animal that has served us well in the army, and done a great amount of good for humanity during the late war.  He was in truth a necessity to the army and the Government, and performed a most important part in supplying our army in the field.  That he will perform an equally important part in the future movements of our army is equally clear, and should not be lost sight of by the Government.  It has seemed to me somewhat strange, then, that so little should have been written concerning him, and so little pains taken to improve his quality.  I have noticed in the army that those who had most to do with him were the least acquainted with his habits, and took the least pains to study his disposition, or to ascertain by proper means how he could be made the most useful.  The Government might have saved hundreds of thousands of dollars, if, when the war began, there had been a proper understanding of this animal among its employees.

Probably no animal has been the subject of more cruel and brutal treatment than the mule, and it is safe to say that no animal ever performed his part better, not even the horse.  In breaking the mule, most persons are apt to get out of patience with him.  I have got out of patience with him myself.  But patience is the great essential in breaking, and in the use of it you will find that you get along much better.  The mule is an unnatural animal, and hence more timid of man than the horse; and yet he is tractable, and capable of being taught to understand what you want him to do.  And when he understands what you want, and has gained your confidence, you will, if you treat him kindly, have little trouble in making him perform his duty.

In commencing to break the mule, take hold of him gently, and talk to him kindly.  Don’t spring at him, as if he were a tiger you were in dread of.  Don’t yell at him; don’t jerk him; don’t strike him with a club, as is too often done; don’t get excited at his jumping and kicking.  Approach and handle him the same as you would an animal already broken, and through kindness you will, in less than a week, have your mule more tractable, better broken, and kinder than you would in a month, had you used the whip.  Mules, with very few exceptions, are born kickers.  Breed them as you will, the moment they are able to stand up, and you put your hand on them, they will kick.  It is, indeed, their natural means of defence, and they resort to it through the force of instinct.  In commencing to break them, then, kicking is the first thing to guard against and overcome.  The young mule kicks because he