instincts of a Legree: a Haley and a Cato would
have held much the same sentiments as to the rearing
of infants. Some masters would breed and rear,
and try to get more work from the slave by kindness
than harshness. Others would work them off and
buy afresh; and as this would be probably the cheapest
policy, no doubt it was the prevalent one. And
what an appalling vista of dumb suffering do such
considerations open to us! Cold, hunger, nakedness,
torture, infamy, a foreign country, a strange climate,
a life so hard that it made the early death which
was almost inevitable a comparative blessing—such
was the terrible lot of the Roman slave. At last,
almost simultaneously at various places in the Roman
dominions, he turned like a beast upon a brutal drover.
[Sidenote: Outbreaks in various quarters.] At
Rome, at Minturnae, at Sinuessa, at Delos, in Macedonia,
and in Sicily insurrections or attempts at insurrections
broke out. They were everywhere mercilessly suppressed,
and by wholesale torture and crucifixion the conquerors
tried to clothe death, their last ally, with terror
which even a slave dared not encounter. In the
year when Tiberius Gracchus was tribune (and the coincidence
is significant), it was found necessary to send a consul
to put down the first slave revolt in Sicily.
It is not known when it broke out. [Sidenote:
Story of Damophilus.] Its proximate cause was the
brutality of Damophilus, of Enna, and his wife Megallis.
His slaves consulted a man named Eunous, a Syrian-Greek,
who had long foretold that he would be a king, and
whom his master’s guests had been in the habit
of jestingly asking to remember them when he came
to the throne. [Sidenote: The first Sicilian slave
war.] Eunous led a band of 400 against Enna.
He could spout fire from his mouth, and his juggling
and prophesying inspired confidence in his followers.
All the men of Enna were slain except the armourers,
who were fettered and compelled to forge arms.
Damophilus and Megallis were brought with every insult
into the theatre. He began to beg for his life
with some effect, but Hermeias and another cut him
down; and his wife, after being tortured by the women,
was cast over a precipice. But their daughter
had been gentle to the slaves, and they not only did
not harm her, but sent her under an escort, of which
this Hermeias was one, to Catana. Eunous was
now made king, and called himself Antiochus. He
made Achaeus his general, was joined by Cleon with
5,000 slaves, and soon mustered 10,000 men. Four
praetors (according to Florus) were defeated; the
number of the rebels rapidly increased to 200,000;
and the whole island except a few towns was at their
mercy. In 134 the consul Flaccus went to Sicily;
but with what result is not known. In 133 the
consul L. Calpurnius Piso captured Messana, killed
8,000 slaves, and crucified all his prisoners.
In 132 P. Rupilius captured the two strongholds of
the slaves, Tauromenium and Enna (Taormina and Castragiovanni).