to help the Allobroges. [Sidenote:  Defeat of the Arverni, B.C. 121.] The number of the slain amounted, it is said, to 120,000 or 150,000.  The king of the Arverni was caught and sent to Rome, and the Allobroges became Roman subjects.  It was the year of the death of Caius Gracchus, of the famous vintage, and of a great eruption of Mount Etna. [Sidenote:  The Staeni.] In 118 B.C.  M. Marcius Rex annihilated the Staeni, probably a Ligurian tribe of the Maritime Alps, who were in the line of the Roman approach to South Gaul, and for this success he gained a triumph.  In the same year it was resolved, in spite of the opposition of the Senate, to colonise Narbo, which was the key to the valley of the Garonne, and was on the route to the province of Tarraconensis.  Thus was established the province named from the time of Augustus the Narbonensis, embracing the country between the Cevennes and the Alps, as far north-east as Geneva; and a road, called Via Domitia, was laid down from the Rhone to the Pyrenees. [Sidenote:  The Dalmatae.] In 117 B.C.  L. Caecilius Metellus triumphed over the Illyrian Dalmatae whom he had attacked without cause, or never attacked at all, as it was said, for which he was surnamed Dalmaticus. [Sidenote:  The Karni.] In 115 M. Aemilius Scaurus, whose name we have met with before, triumphed over the Karni, a tribe to the north of the Adriatic.  C. Porcius Cato, consul in 114, was not so lucky. [Sidenote:  The Scordisci.] He lost his army in defending the Macedonian frontier against a tribe of Gauls called Scordisci, who were in their turn defeated by M. Livius Drusus in 112, and M. Minucius Rufus in 109 B.C.  The year between their first victory and first defeat was remarkable, not, indeed, because one Metellus triumphed for what he had done in Sardinia, and another for what he had done in Thrace; but in that year the Cimbri came in collision with Rome. [Sidenote:  First collision with Cimbri.] Cn.  Papirius Carbo, the consul, was sent against them as they had crossed or were expected to cross the Roman frontiers.  Some were in Noricum, and to them he sent to say that they were invading a people who were the friends of Rome.  They agreed to evacuate the country; but Carbo treacherously attacked them, and was disgracefully beaten at a place called Noreia. [Sidenote:  Defeat of Silanus.] Four years later, in the year 109, M. Junius Silanus, colleague of Marius, met the same barbarians, who had now crossed the Rhine, in the new province of South Gaul, and was in his turn defeated.

[Sidenote:  The Cimbri rouse the Helvetii.] The movements of the Cimbri made the Helvetii restless. [Sidenote:  Defeat of Longinus.] One of their clans, the Tiguroni, which dwelt between the Jura, the Rhone, and the lake of Geneva, defeated and slew the consul Longinus in 107 B.C., and forced his lieutenant, Popillius Laenas, to go under the yoke.  Tolosa thereupon rose against the Romans, and put the troops which garrisoned it in chains.  By treachery Q.