figure and his reputation as a soldier according with the notions of a race of riders as to what a king should be.  Hiempsal soon provoked him by refusing to yield the place of honour to him at their first meeting; and when Jugurtha said that Micipsa’s acts during the last five years of his life should be held as null because of his impaired faculties, Hiempsal retorted that he agreed with him, for it was within three years that he had adopted Jugurtha. [Sidenote:  Jugurtha gets rid of Hiempsal.] Hiempsal went to a town called Thirmida, to the house of a man who had been in Jugurtha’s service.  This man Jugurtha bribed to procure a model of the town keys, which were taken to Hiempsal each evening.  Then his men, getting into Thirmida one night, cut off Hiempsal’s head and took it to their master.  He then proceeded to seize town after town; all the best warriors rallied to his standard, and in a pitched battle he defeated Adherbal, who fled to Rome, whither he had previously sent ambassadors imploring aid.  Jugurtha also sent envoys with plenty of money, to be given first to his old comrades, and then to men likely to be useful.  At once the indignation which the wrongs of the brothers had roused at Rome cooled down. [Sidenote:  M. Aemilius Scaurus.] But M. Aemilius Scaurus, the chief of the aristocracy, seems to have been bidding for a higher price than was at first offered him, and by his influence ten commissioners were appointed to divide the kingdom.  Scaurus had in his youth thought of becoming a money-lender, a trade in which he would certainly have excelled; and he may very likely have hoped to make something out of the commission, as the exemplary Opimius, murderer of Caius Gracchus, did. [Sidenote:  Jugurtha bribes the commissioners.] This man, whom Cicero extols as a most excellent citizen, had opposed Jugurtha at Rome but being in consequence treated by the king in Numidia with marked deference, joined the majority of his colleagues in swallowing the bribes offered to them.  So Adherbal received the eastern half which, though it contained the capital Cirta and better harbours and towns, consisted mostly of barren sand, while the more fertile portion was assigned to his rival.

[Sidenote:  Jugurtha assails Adherbal, who appeals to the Senate.] This took place in the year 117 B.C.  Scarcely had the commissioners left the province when the successful villain again took up arms.  Adherbal, after much long-suffering and sending a complaint to Rome, was driven to do the same in self-defence.  But he was defeated between Cirta and the sea, and would have been taken in Cirta had not the colony of Italians resident there beaten off the horsemen in pursuit. [Sidenote:  A second commission, hoaxed or bribed by Jugurtha.] Meanwhile Adherbal’s message had reached Rome, and the Senate, with its high sense of responsibility, sent ten young men to Numidia as adjudicators.  Perhaps, indeed, it was not mere carelessness which sent these young hopefuls