those whom thou hast determined to save.’
Sulla replied that he did not yet know. ‘Then,’
said Metellus, ‘let us know whom thou intendest
to destroy.’ [Sidenote: Sulla’s proscriptions.]
Sulla answered by issuing a first proscription list,
including eighty names. People murmured at the
illegality of this, and in two days, as if to rebuke
their presumption, he issued a second of 220, and
as many more the next day. Then he told the people
from the rostrum that he had now proscribed all that
he remembered, and those whom he had forgotten must
come into some future proscription. Such a speech
would seem incredible if put into the mouth of any
other character it history; but it is in keeping with
Sulla’s passionless and nonchalant brutality.
The ashes of Marius he ordered to be dug up and scattered
in the Anio, the only unpractical act we ever read
of him committing. Death was ordained for every
one who should harbour or save a proscribed person,
even his own brother, son, or parent. But he
who killed a proscribed man, even if it was a slave
who slew his master or a son his father, was to receive
two talents. Even the son and grandson of those
proscribed were deprived of the privileges of citizenship,
and their property was confiscated. Not only in
Rome but in all the cities of Italy this went on.
Lists were posted everywhere, and it was a common
saying among the ruffianly executioners, ’His
fine home was the death of such an one, his gardens
of another, his hot baths of a third,’ for they
hunted down men for their wealth more than from revenge.
[Sidenote: Story illustrative of the time.] One
day a quiet citizen came into the Forum, and out of
mere curiosity read the proscription list. To
his horror he saw his own name. ‘Wretch,’
he cried, ‘that I am, my Alban villa pursues
me!’ and he had not gone far when a ruffian
came up and killed him. [Sidenote: Sulla and Julius
Caesar.] The famous Julius Caesar was one of those
in danger. He would not divorce his wife at the
bidding of Sulla, who confiscated her property if
not his as well, being so far merciful for some reason
which we do not know. [Sidenote: Story of Roscius.]
One case has been made memorable by the fact that
Cicero was the counsel for one of the sufferers.
Two men named Roscius procured the assassination of
a third of the same name by Sulla’s favourite
freedman, Chrysogonus, who then got the name of Roscius
put on the proscription list, and, seizing on his
property, expelled the man’s son from it.
He having friends at Rome fled to them, and made the
assassins fear that they might be compelled to disgorge.
So they suddenly charged the son with having killed
his father. The most frightful circumstance about
the case is not the piteous injustice suffered by
the son, but the abject way in which Cicero speaks
of Sulla, comparing him to Jupiter who, despite his
universal beneficence, sometimes permits destruction,
not on purpose but because his sway is so world-wide,
and scouting the idea of its being possible for him
to share personally in such wrongs. It has been
well said, ‘We almost touch the tyrant with our
finger.’ Cicero soon afterwards left Rome,
probably from fear of Sulla.