that were palpably unconstitutional and intolerably oppressive.  It was added that the right to nullify a law rested on the same principle, but that it was a peaceable remedy.  This character which was given to it made you receive with too much confidence the assertions that were made of the unconstitutionally of the law and its oppressive effects.  Mark, my fellow-citizens, that by the admission of your leaders the unconstitutionality must be palpable, or it will not justify either resistance or nullification.  What is the meaning of the word palpable in the sense in which it is here used?  That which is apparent to everyone; that which no man of ordinary intellect will fail to perceive.  Is the unconstitutionality of these laws of that description?  Let those among your leaders who once approved and advocated the principle of protective duties answer the question; and let them choose whether they will be considered as incapable then of perceiving that which must have been apparent to every man of common understanding, or as imposing upon your confidence and endeavoring to mislead you now.  In either case they are unsafe guides in the perilous path they urge you to tread.  Ponder well on this circumstance, and you will know how to appreciate the exaggerated language they address to you.  They are not champions of liberty, emulating the fame of our Revolutionary fathers, nor are you an oppressed people, contending, as they repeat to you, against worse than colonial vassalage.  You are free members of a flourishing and happy Union.  There is no settled design to oppress you.  You have indeed felt the unequal operation of laws which may have been unwisely, not unconstitutionally, passed; but that inequality must necessarily be removed.  At the very moment when you were madly urged on to the unfortunate course you have begun a change in public opinion had commenced.  The nearly approaching payment of the public debt and the consequent necessity of a diminution of duties had already produced a considerable reduction, and that, too, on some articles of general consumption in your State.  The importance of this change was underrated, and you were authoritatively told that no further alleviation of your burthens was to be expected at the very time when the condition of the country imperiously demanded such a modification of the duties as should reduce them to a just and equitable scale.  But, as if apprehensive of the effect of this change in allaying your discontents, you were precipitated into the fearful state in which you now find yourselves.

I have urged you to look back to the means that were used to hurry you on to the position you have now assumed and forward to the consequences it will produce.  Something more is necessary.  Contemplate the condition of that country of which you still form an important part.  Consider its Government, uniting in one bond of common interest and general protection so many different States, giving to all their inhabitants