C. SIMONSII.—­Khasia, 1868.  The stems of this species usually grow from 4 feet to 6 feet high, with sub-erect habit.  The leaves are roundly-elliptic and slightly silky beneath.  The small flowers are succeeded by a profusion of scarlet berries that ripen in autumn.  This is generally considered the best for garden purposes.

CRATAEGUS.

CRATAEGUS AZAROLUS.—­South Europe, 1640.  This is a very vigorous-growing species, with a wide, spreading head of rather upright-growing branches.  The flowers are showy and the fruit large and of a pleasing red colour.

C. AZAROLUS ARONIA (syn C. Aronia).—­Aronia Thorn.  South Europe, 1810.  This tree attains to a height of 20 feet, has deeply lobed leaves that are wedge-shaped at the base, and slightly pubescent on the under sides.  The flowers, which usually are at their best in June, are white and showy, and succeeded by large yellow fruit.  Generally the Aronia Thorn forms a rather upright and branchy specimen of neat proportions, and when studded with its milk-white flowers may be included amongst the most distinct and ornamental of the family.

C. COCCINEA.—­Scarlet-fruited Thorn.  North America, 1683.  If only for its lovely white flowers, with bright, pinky anthers, it is well worthy of a place even in a selection of ornamental flowering trees and shrubs.  It is, however, rendered doubly valuable in that the cordate-ovate leaves turn of a warm brick colour in the autumn, while the fruit, and which is usually produced abundantly, is of the brightest red.

C. COCCINEA MACRANTHA.—­North America, 1819.  This bears some resemblance to the Cockspur Thorn, but has very long, curved spines—­longer, perhaps, than those of any other species.

C. CORDATA is one of the latest flowering species, in which respect it is even more hardy than the well-known C. tanace-tifolia.  It forms a small compact tree, of neat and regular outline, with dark green shining leaves, and berries about the same size as those of the common species, and deep red.

C. CRUS-GALLI.—­Cockspur Thorn.  North America, 1691.  This has large and showy white flowers that are succeeded by deep red berries.  It is readily distinguished by the long, curved spines with which the whole tree is beset.  Of this species there are numerous worthy forms, including C. Crus-galli Carrierii, which opens at first white, and then turns a showy flesh colour; C. Crus-galli Layi, C. Crus-galli splendens, C. Crus-galli prunifolia, C. Crus-galli pyracanthifolia, and C. Crus-galli salicifolia, all forms of great beauty—­whether for their foliage, or beautiful and usually plentifully-produced flowers.

C. DOUGLASII.—­North America, 1830.  This is peculiar in having dark purple or almost black fruit.  It is of stout growth, often reaching to 20 feet in height, and belongs to the early-flowering section.