C. PAUCIFLORA is readily distinguished from the former by its more slender growth, smaller leaves, and fewer flowered spikes.  Flowers primrose-yellow.

C. SPICATA.—­Japan, 1864.  This Japanese shrub is of very distinct appearance, having leaves like those of our common Hazel, and drooping spikes of showy-yellowish, fragrant flowers that are produced before the leaves.  There is a variegated form in cultivation.

The various species of Corylopsis are very ornamental garden plants, and to be recommended, on account of their early flowering, for prominent positions in the shrubbery or by the woodland walk.  Light, rich loam seems to suit them well.

CORYLUS.

CORYLUS AVELLANA PURPUREA.—­Purple Hazel.  This has large leaves of a rich purple colour, resembling those of the purple Beech, and is a very distinct plant for the shrubbery border.  Should be cut down annually if large leaves are desired.

C. COLURNA.—­Constantinople Hazel.  Turkey, 1665.  This is the largest and most ornamental of the family, and is mentioned here on account of the showy catkins with which the tree is usually well supplied.  When thickly produced, as they usually are on established specimens, these long catkins have a most effective and pleasing appearance, and tend to render the tree one of the most distinct in cultivation.  Under favourable circumstances, such as when growing in a sweet and rather rich brown loam, it attains to fully 60 feet in height, and of a neat shape, from the branches being arranged horizontally, or nearly so.  Even in a young state the Constantinople Hazel is readily distinguished from the common English species, by the softer and more angular leaves, and by the whitish bark which comes off in long strips.  The stipules, too, form an unerring guide to its identity, they being long, linear, and recurved.

COTONEASTER.

COTONEASTER BACILLARIS.—­Nepaul, 1841.  A large-growing species, and one of the few members of the family that is more ornamental in flower than in fruit.  It is of bold, portly, upright growth, and sends up shoots from the base of the plant.  The pretty white flowers are borne in clusters for some distance along the slender shoots, and have a very effective and pleasing appearance; indeed, the upper portion of the plant has the appearance of a mass of white blossoms.

C. FRIGIDA.—­Nepaul, 1824.  The species forms a large shrub or low tree with oblong, elliptical, sub-evergreen leaves.  The flowers are white and borne in large corymbs, which are followed by scarlet berries in September.

C. MICROPHYLLA.—­Small-leaved Cotoneaster.  Nepaul, 1825.  This is, from a flowering point of view, probably the most useful of any member of this rather large genus.  Its numerous pretty white flowers, dark, almost Yew-green leaves, and abundance of the showiest red berries in winter, will ever make this dwarf, clambering plant a favourite with those who are at all interested in beautiful shrubs.  All, or nearly all, the species of Cotoneaster are remarkable and highly valued for their showy berries, but, except the above, and perhaps C. buxifolia (Box-leaved Cotoneaster), few others are worthy of consideration from a purely flowering point of view.